Bradykinesia in Alzheimer’s disease and its neurophysiological substrates

Bologna, Matteo; Guerra, Andrea; Colella, Donato; Cioffi, Ettore; Paparella, Giulia; Vita, Antonella Di; D'Antonio, Fabrizia; Trebbastoni, Alessandro; Berardelli, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.413

Cited by 42 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…2018; Bologna et al . 2020). The lack of SAI changes we observed in our study indicates that the acquisition of motor skills does not induce any significant effects on cortical cholinergic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the cholinergic system modulates arousal state in relation to concentration or attention during task performance (Koizume et al 2017) and that SAI may be considered an indirect electrophysiological parameter of cortical acetylcholine activity in humans (Tokimura et al 2000). Notably, recent evidence suggests that abnormal cholinergic transmission may play a role in motor control in conditions characterised by altered voluntary movements (Schirinzi et al 2018;Bologna et al 2020). The lack of SAI changes we observed in our study indicates that the acquisition of motor skills does not induce any significant effects on cortical cholinergic activity.…”

Section: Motor Skill Acquisition-related Effects On M1 and Sensorimotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential effects of motor skill acquisition on the primary motor and sensory cortices in healthy humans

Paparella

Rocchi

Bologna

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points We explored the large variability in motor skill acquisition‐related effects on the primary and sensory cortices. Namely, we tested whether this variability depends on interindividual variance or the type of motor task investigated. We compared different motor‐learning tasks, i.e. model‐free vs. model‐based learning tasks, and their possible differential effects on the primary motor and sensory cortices by using transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques. The model‐free learning task induced an increase in corticospinal excitability and a reduction in the amplitude of somatosensory‐evoked potentials. Conversely, the model‐based learning tasks induced a decrease in intracortical inhibition. No correlations were found between neurophysiological changes and motor performance, indicating that this differential modulation may be secondary to the motor skill acquisition. The study results suggest differential motor skill acquisition‐related effects on cortical parameters, possibly due to the engagement of specific neurophysiological substrates. Abstract A large variability in learning‐related neurophysiological changes in the primary motor and sensory cortices has been observed. It is unclear whether these differential effects are due to the different tasks investigated or to interindividual variance. Only a few studies have assessed different motor‐learning tasks and their effects on neurophysiological features within the same group of participants, and several issues are unclear. Here, we compared the effects of different tasks within each individual. We investigated the effects on motor and sensory cortex parameters after a model‐free learning task, i.e. a ballistic motor task, compared with model‐based learning tasks, i.e. visuomotor‐learning tasks. Motor‐ and sensory‐evoked potentials, intracortical excitability as assessed by short‐interval intracortical inhibition, and sensorimotor interaction, i.e. short‐latency afferent inhibition, were recorded from 15 healthy subjects before and after the tasks. The ballistic motor task induced an increase in corticospinal excitability but did not change motor cortex intracortical inhibition or sensorimotor integration. In addition, it decreased the amplitude of cortical components of the somatosensory‐evoked potentials. The visuomotor‐learning tasks induced a reduction in motor cortex intracortical inhibition but did not modulate corticospinal and sensory cortex excitability or sensorimotor integration. This differential modulation is likely to be secondary to the motor skill acquisition, since no correlation was observed between neurophysiological changes and motor performance. Our results demonstrate differential motor skill acquisition‐related effects on cortical parameters, possibly reflecting the engagement of specific neurophysiological substrates, and contribute in‐depth knowledge of the mechanisms involved in different types of motor skill acquisition in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motor Skill Acquisition-related Effects On M1 and Sensorimotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of motor skill acquisition on the primary motor and sensory cortices in healthy humans

Paparella

Rocchi

Bologna

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Other studies found that both AD and MCI patients abnormally performed a finger tapping task, with fewer taps than healthy controls, longer intertap intervals, and higher intraindividual variability [45,150]. The assessment of repetitive finger‐tapping by means of a motion analysis system showed bradykinesia and altered rhythm in AD [50], and irregular rhythm with no slowness in MCI [55]. Sequence effect was not detected in AD or MCI patients performing the finger tapping task [50,55] (Table 6).…”

Section: Bradykinesia In Mild Cognitive Impairment and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging concepts on bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions

Paparella

Fasano

Hallett

et al. 2021

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose Bradykinesia is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, clinical and experimental studies indicate that bradykinesia may also be observed in various neurological diseases not primarily characterized by parkinsonism. These conditions include hyperkinetic movement disorders, such as dystonia, chorea, and essential tremor. Bradykinesia may also be observed in patients with neurological conditions that are not seen as "movement disorders," including those characterized by the involvement of the cerebellum and corticospinal system, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. Methods We reviewed clinical reports and experimental studies on bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions and discussed the major findings. Results Bradykinesia is a common motor abnormality in non‐parkinsonian conditions. From a pathophysiological standpoint, bradykinesia in neurological conditions not primarily characterized by parkinsonism may be explained by brain network dysfunction. Conclusion In addition to the pathophysiological implications, the present paper highlights important terminological issues and the need for a new, more accurate, and more widely used definition of bradykinesia in the context of movement disorders and other neurological conditions.

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“…Extended movement time could be suggestive of a more general bradykinesia associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease 45,46 . As the present study did not assess motor speed independently of visuomotor control, this cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral reaching in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

Mitchell¹,

Rossit²,

Pal³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent evidence has implicated areas within the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), as among the first to show pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer’s disease. Focal brain damage to the PPC can cause optic ataxia, a specific deficit in reaching to peripheral targets. Visuomotor deficits in optic ataxia are often only detected when reaching to objects in peripheral vision, therefore this condition can often go unnoticed. The present study investigated whether peripheral misreaching is a feature of Alzheimer’s disease. Reaching ability was assessed in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to a control group of healthy, older adults. Participants were required to reach to targets presented in central vision or in the periphery using two reaching tasks; one in the lateral plane and another presented in radial depth. Case-control comparisons identified 1/10 MCI and 3/17 Alzheimer’s patients with severe peripheral reaching deficits at the individual level, but group-level comparisons did not find significantly higher peripheral reaching error in neither Alzheimer’s nor MCI groups. However, exploratory analyses showed significantly increased reach duration in both Alzheimer’s and MCI groups relative to controls. We conclude that Alzheimer’s disease may lead to a visuomotor impairment that is compensated for by a slowing down of the reach movement to maintain accuracy. However, these findings suggest that peripheral reaching deficits similar to what is observed in optic ataxia are unlikely to be a common feature of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Bradykinesia in Alzheimer’s disease and its neurophysiological substrates

Cited by 42 publications

References 58 publications

Differential effects of motor skill acquisition on the primary motor and sensory cortices in healthy humans

Differential effects of motor skill acquisition on the primary motor and sensory cortices in healthy humans

Emerging concepts on bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions

Peripheral reaching in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

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