“…PLA 2 initiates the release of arachidonic acid which is converted to PGE2, by cyclooxygenase (Cox) and prostaglandin synthases, and can activate PKA via E-prostanoid G-protein coupled receptors (Smith et al, 2000). PKA and PKC may phosphorylate NMDA or AMPA receptor subunits, changing the membrane traffic and their kinetic properties (voltage-dependent block, channel open time, burst behavior), triggering an increase in synaptic effectiveness (Kohno et al, 2008). Very recently, it was shown that B2R stimulation leads to neuroprotection after NMDA excitotoxicity in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and not by MEK/MAPK signaling (Martins et al, 2012).…”