Cover: False-color Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) picture of the electrical wires and heaters on the optical waveguide chip, which is used as external cavity for diode laser control (see Chapter 2). Because the SEM is zoomed-out very far, electron beam distortion is caused by the SEM's focusing magnet. This produces the fish-eye effect in the picture. The research presented in this thesis was carried out at the Laser Physics and Nonlinear Optics group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs (project number 10442).
To my loving parents.
SummaryIn this Thesis we investigate spectral control of diode lasers using external waveguide circuits. The purpose of this work is to investigate such external control for providing a new class of diode lasers with technologically interesting properties, such as a narrow spectral bandwidth and spectrally tunable output in a hybrid integrated format. These lasers are of interest in a variety of scientific and industrial applications. To give a state-of-the-art example, we consider optical beam forming networks, that can be used in phased antenna arrays for satellite communications. These type of networks require spectral tuning and a narrow laser bandwidth to increase the spatial resolution of the antenna's signal [1][2][3]. In such microwave photonics applications, the option for an integration of entire arrays of lasers and waveguide circuits is required, as well as the option of multiple injection locking for a control of the optical phase of the output.Another example is the simultaneous spectral and phase control of entire arrays of diode lasers. The superimposed output may offer the generation of trains of ultrashort pulses, which is equivalent with the generation of a phase locked comb of equidistant frequencies. Such sources can, for example, be of interest for high-speed optical data storage.In the first chapter, we discuss the theoretical design considerations and spectral properties for a waveguide based external cavity semiconductor laser (WECSL). The essential requirements to realize single-frequency operation with a WECSL are analyzed. We investigated the required properties for the two main components that comprise the WECSL, which are the semiconductor gain chip and the frequency selective waveguide circuit that provides the external feedback. The specific implementation of a highly frequency selective feedback via two micro ring resonators (MRRs), based on available low loss Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 waveguide technology, is described in more detail. The values for the design parameters in this implementation indicate that it is possible to obtain single-frequency oscillation across the entire telecommunication C-band (1530-1565 nm). Furthermore, we expect a narrow optica...