Brain-based concealed memory detection is driven mainly by orientation to salient items

The effect of mental countermeasures on a novel brain‐based feedback concealed information test

“…For all t ‐tests, either the BF 10 (favoring the alternative hypothesis) or the BF 01 (favoring the null hypothesis) is reported. For all ANOVA effects, that is, both main and interaction effects, either the BF Inclusion (favoring the alternative hypothesis) or BF Exclusion (favoring the null hypothesis) is reported, reflecting a comparison of all models containing a particular effect to those without the effect (also see Klein Selle, Gueta, Harpaz, Deouell, & Ben‐Shakhar, 2021). A BF value of ≥3 was regarded as moderate evidence for the respective hypothesis (Kass & Raftery, 1995).…”

Orienting versus inhibition: The theory behind the ocular‐based Concealed Information Test

“…Recently, a series of studies revealed that different ANS measures in the CIT may actually reflect different underlying mechanisms: while the SCR reflects orienting to significant information, respiration, and HR reflect inhibition attempts (klein Selle et al, 2016(klein Selle et al, , 2017(klein Selle et al, , 2019Suchotzki et al, 2015). This fractionation of responses challenged the unitary theoretical thinking about the CIT and inspired similar research using event-related potentials (ERPs; klein Selle et al, 2021;Matsuda & Nittono, 2018;Rosenfeld et al, 2017). These additional studies suggest that the P3 component of the ERP, just as the SCR, reflects an orienting process.…”

Individual differences in ERPs during deception: Observing vs. demonstrating behavior leading to a small social conflict

“…Previous studies found enlarged P300 amplitudes for probe compared to irrelevant items for people who know the probe items (Leue & Beauducel, 2019;Rosenfeld et al, 2013). This pattern of P300 amplitudes has been associated with a greater salience of the known probe compared to the unknown irrelevant items (klein Selle et al, 2021;Leue & Beauducel, 2019). When people recognize the probe stimulus, it is distinct and stands out from the other irrelevant items (Iacono, 2014).…”

“…Most deception studies rely on the feature of the P300 to be sensitive to infrequent and meaningful stimuli (Leue & Beauducel, 2019;Rosenfeld et al, 2013). When a person recognizes a meaningful stimulus presented in a series of multiple, unknown stimuli, the known stimulus appears more infrequent and salient than the unknown stimuli (klein Selle et al, 2021;Leue & Beauducel, 2019;Meijer et al, 2007;Rosenfeld, 2011). As a result, enlarged P300 amplitudes occur for the known compared to the unknown stimuli (Leue & Beauducel, 2019;Rosenfeld et al, 2013).…”