Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural prosthetics

Berger, Theodore W.; Baudry, Michel; Brinton, Roberta Dı́az; Liaw, Jim-Shih; Marmarelis, Vasilis Z.; Park, A. Yoondong; Sheu, B.J.; Tanguay, Armand R.

doi:10.1109/5.939806

Cited by 113 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, Yale researchers pointed out that an important limitation of the technology as it exists now, is that this sort of technology can only read active parts of the brain, not passive memories. A major advance in cyborg technology is the development of a hippocampus prosthesis, which we view as a type of cognitive prosthesis (a prosthesis implanted into the nervous system in order to A major advance in cyborg technology is the development of a hippocampus prosthesis, which we view as a type of cognitive prosthesis (a prosthesis implanted into the nervous system in order to improve or replace the function of damaged brain tissue) [62]. In some cases, prosthetic devices replace the normal function of a damaged body part; this can be simply a structural replacement (e.g., reconstructive surgery) or a rudimentary, functional replacement.…”

Section: Brain Enhancements and Neuroprosthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, prosthetic devices replace the normal function of a damaged body part; this can be simply a structural replacement (e.g., reconstructive surgery) or a rudimentary, functional replacement. As an important cyborg technology, University of Southern California researchers are testing the usefulness of an artificial hippocampus which will mimic the brain's memory center [62]. The device may one-day help those with brain damage, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Brain Enhancements and Neuroprosthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology

Barfield

Williams

2017

Philosophies

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As we move deeper into the twenty-first century there is a major trend to enhance the body with "cyborg technology". In fact, due to medical necessity, there are currently millions of people worldwide equipped with prosthetic devices to restore lost functions, and there is a growing DIY movement to self-enhance the body to create new senses or to enhance current senses to "beyond normal" levels of performance. From prosthetic limbs, artificial heart pacers and defibrillators, implants creating brain-computer interfaces, cochlear implants, retinal prosthesis, magnets as implants, exoskeletons, and a host of other enhancement technologies, the human body is becoming more mechanical and computational and thus less biological. This trend will continue to accelerate as the body becomes transformed into an information processing technology, which ultimately will challenge one's sense of identity and what it means to be human. This paper reviews "cyborg enhancement technologies", with an emphasis placed on technological enhancements to the brain and the creation of new senses-the benefits of which may allow information to be directly implanted into the brain, memories to be edited, wireless brain-to-brain (i.e., thought-to-thought) communication, and a broad range of sensory information to be explored and experienced. The paper concludes with musings on the future direction of cyborgs and the meaning and implications of becoming more cyborg and less human in an age of rapid advances in the design and use of computing technologies.Keywords: cyborg; enhancement technology; prosthesis; brain-computer interface; new senses; identity Cyborgs and ProsthesesThe human body is in the process of experiencing a rapid transformation from a completely biological entity created based on instructions provided by human DNA to a body becoming far more "computational and technological" [1]. While this paper focuses on the theme of "human" enhancement technology, we also review some computational enhancements to animal subjects because such studies provide examples of the future direction of enhancement technology and in some cases these very technologies will be implemented into the human body and likely within one or two decades. Generally, body-worn and implantable technology serves to identify cyborgs as a constellation within which the identities of the members of cyborg groups "negotiate" their individual significance. We describe "cyborg culture" or "cyborg being" as a particular way of life, or set of beliefs, which expresses certain meanings in the context of cyborg technologies; particularly in the case of many self-imposed cyborgs that "way of life" is to become transhuman [2,3]. Broderick describes a transhuman as a person who explores all available and future methods for self enhancement that eventually leads toward the radical change of posthuman-which is to ultimately become nearly unlimited in physical and psychological capability (i.e., to go beyond human) [4].Using a semiotic framework, cyborg enhancement tech...

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Section: Brain Enhancements and Neuroprosthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Enhancements and Neuroprosthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology

Barfield

Williams

2017

Philosophies

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“…On the other hand, using the nonparametric PV model, prediction of outputs for a given input pattern only requires simple arithmetical operations such as multiplication and summation. The uniformity and simplicity of model mathematical form is critical for large-scale simulations (Traub and Miles 1991) and hardware implementations (Tsai et al 1998;Berger et al 2001). …”

Section: Parametric Vs Non-parametric Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric and non-parametric modeling of short-term synaptic plasticity. Part I: computational study

2008

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Parametric and non-parametric modeling methods are combined to study the short-term plasticity (STP) of synapses in the central nervous system (CNS). The nonlinear dynamics of STP are modeled by means: (1) previously proposed parametric models based on mechanistic hypotheses and/or specific dynamical processes, and (2) non-parametric models (in the form of Volterra kernels) that transforms the presynaptic signals into postsynaptic signals. In order to synergistically use the two approaches, we estimate the Volterra kernels of the parametric models of STP for four types of synapses using synthetic broadband input-output data. Results show that the non-parametric models accurately and efficiently replicate the input-output transformations of the parametric models. Volterra kernels provide a general and quantitative representation of the STP.

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“…To overcome this limitation, non-parametric models based on the input-output approach were introduced in the so-called "reduced form" about 20 years ago to offer a comprehensive functional representation of neuronal networks in the hippocampus. 9,10,14,49 More recently, non-parametric models have been used for modeling the input-output relationship in the dentate gyrus 11,7 or in the CA1 region 25 of the hippocampus. A recently accepted paper presents non-parametric models of the separate effects of LPP and MPP stimulation on the granule cell activity but does not examine the nonlinear interactions of the two inputs and their combined effect on granule cell activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Nonlinear Dynamic Interactions of Afferent Pathways in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus

et al. 2008

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The dentate gyrus is the first region of the hippocampus that receives and integrates sensory information (e.g., visual, auditory, and olfactory) via the perforant path, which is composed of two distinct neuronal pathways: the Lateral Perforant Path (LPP) and the Medial Perforant Path (MPP). This paper examines the nonlinear dynamic interactions among arbitrary stimulation patterns at these two afferent pathways and their combined effect on the resulting response of the granule cells at the dentate gyrus. We employ non-parametric Poisson-Volterra models that serve as canonical quantitative descriptors of the nonlinear dynamic transformations of the neuronal signals propagating through these two neuronal pathways. These Poisson-Volterra models are estimated in the so-called "reduced form" with experimental data from in vitro hippocampal slices and provide excellent predictions of the electrophysiological activity of the granule cells in response to arbitrary stimulation patterns. The data are acquired through a custom-made multi-electrode-array system, which stimulated simultaneously the two pathways with random impulse trains and recorded the neuronal postsynaptic activity at the granule cell layer. The results of this study show that significant nonlinear interactions exist between the LPP and the MPP that may be critical for the integration of sensory information performed by the dentate gyrus of the hippo-campus.

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Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural prosthetics

Cited by 113 publications

References 48 publications

Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology

Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology

Parametric and non-parametric modeling of short-term synaptic plasticity. Part I: computational study

Modeling the Nonlinear Dynamic Interactions of Afferent Pathways in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus

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