Brain mapping of three somatostatin encoding genes in the goldfish

Canosa, Luis Fabián; Cerdá‐Reverter, José Miguel; Peter, Richard

doi:10.1002/cne.20097

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The mammalian arcuate nucleus and the teleost NLT are generally considered to be homologous anatomical structures since they are both located in the ventromedial hypothalamus and express a highly similar gene set, such as agouti-related peptide (agrp) [64,77,78], somatostatin (sst) [79], growth hormone releasing hormone (ghrh) [80], the leptin receptor (lepr) [81] and Pomc [51,64]. The NLT and the arcuate also show conserved function.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Conservation Of Function By Non-homologous Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancer turnover and conserved regulatory function in vertebrate evolution

Domené

Bumaschny

Souza

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Mutations in regulatory regions including enhancers are an important source of variation and innovation during evolution. Enhancers can evolve by changes in the sequence, arrangement and repertoire of transcription factor binding sites, but whole enhancers can also be lost or gained in certain lineages in a process of turnover. The proopiomelanocortin gene ( Pomc ), which encodes a prohormone, is expressed in the pituitary and hypothalamus of all jawed vertebrates. We have previously described that hypothalamic Pomc expression in mammals is controlled by two enhancers—nPE1 and nPE2—that are derived from transposable elements and that presumably replaced the ancestral neuronal Pomc regulatory regions. Here, we show that nPE1 and nPE2, even though they are mammalian novelties with no homologous counterpart in other vertebrates, nevertheless can drive gene expression specifically to POMC neurons in the hypothalamus of larval and adult transgenic zebrafish. This indicates that when neuronal Pomc enhancers originated de novo during early mammalian evolution, the newly created cis- and trans- codes were similar to the ancestral ones. We also identify the neuronal regulatory region of zebrafish pomca and confirm that it is not homologous to the mammalian enhancers. Our work sheds light on the process of gene regulatory evolution by showing how a locus can undergo enhancer turnover and nevertheless maintain the ancestral transcriptional output.

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Section: Discussion (A) Conservation Of Function By Non-homologous Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancer turnover and conserved regulatory function in vertebrate evolution

Domené

Bumaschny

Souza

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…SS2/CST actions SS2 (including its mammalian counterpart CST) is mainly expressed in a few discrete areas in the brain (Tostivint et al 1996, de Lecea et al 1997b, Trabucchi et al 2003, Canosa et al 2004. For instance, in mammals, CST mRNA can be detected in GABAergic neurons of the cortex and hippocampus that partially overlap with SS1 mRNA (de Lecea et al 1997b).…”

Section: Uts2r5mentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

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“…In mammal as well as fish, the neuropeptide somatostatin is known to play important roles in brain, such as exerting a function in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration (Zupanc, 2006), enhancing neurofilament expression and neurite outgrowth (Taniwaki and Schwartz, 1995), controlling food intake (Canosa et al, 2004) and inhibiting the secretion of GH from the pituitary (Brazeau et al, 1973). In this study, on the one hand, the wide distributions of CcPSSs in the central nervous system suggested their important functions in the brain.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Candidate gene approach which is based on the hypothesis that such gene is known to control traits of interest, is also an effective strategy for studying polymorphisms in candidate genes that may be associated with economic traits (De-Santis and Jerry, 2007). PSS1, PSS2 and PSS3 have been cloned and characterized well in other fishes (Lin et al, 1999;Trabucchi et al, 2002;Canosa et al, 2004;Ying et al, 2005), whereas PSS4, PSS5 and PSS6 have been reported in few fishes and mainly focused on evolution analysis (Liu et al, 2010). The objectives of this study were to characterize three of preprosomatostatin genes in C. carpio (CcPSS1, CcPSS2 and CcPSS3) and study their expression patterns in different adult tissues and embryonic and larval developing stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%