Brain modeling by tensor network theory and computer simulation. The cerebellum: Distributed processor for predictive coordination

Pellionisz, A.; Llinás, Rodolfó R.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90097-6

Cited by 523 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This model accounts well for the very noticeable cytoarchitecture of the parallel fibers and could account for the clinical data of timing deficits, but, in fact, the parallel fibers are too short to provide a time delay of the required magnitude (Braitenberg, 1983). A variation of this scheme allowed the cerebellum to torm short-term predictions of incoming data by forming a predictive Taylor series expansion (Pellionisz & Llinas, 1979, 1982, and could relate to recent data indicating impairment in time and velocity perception (Ivry, Diener, & Keele, 1988;Ivry & Keele, 1989;Keele & Ivry, 1991). The final group of theories to mention are those most closely related to the one we present here, and postulate that the cerebellum forms an internal model of the motor system.…”

Section: Theories Of the Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Cerebellum a Smith Predictor?

Miall¹,

Weir²,

Wolpert³

et al. 1993

Journal of Motor Behavior

953

624

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ABSTRACT. The motor system may use intemal predictive models of the motor apparatus to achieve better control than would be possible by negative feedback. Several theories have proposed that the cerebellum may form these predictive representations, In this article, we review these theories and try to unify them by reference to an engineering control model known as a Smith Pre dictor. We suggest that the cerebellum forms two types of internal model. One model is a forward predictive model of the motor apparatus (e.g. , limb and muscle), providing a rapid prediction of the sensory consequences of each movement. The second model is of the time delays in the control loop (due to receptor and effector delays, axona] conductances, and cognitive processing delays). This model delays a copy of the rapid prediction so that it can be compared in temporal register with actual sensory feedback from the movement. The result of this comparison is used both to correct for errors in perf.ormance and as a training signal to learn the first model We discuss evidence that the cerebellum could form both of these models and suggest that the cerebellum may hold at least two separate Smith Predictors. One, in the lateral cerebellum, would predict the movement outcome in visual, egocentric, or peripersonaJ coordinates. Another, in the intermediate cerebellum, would predict the consequences in motor coordinates. Generalization of the Smith Predictor theory is discussed in ]ight of cerebellar involvement in nonmotor control systems, including autonomic functions and cognition

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Section: Theories Of the Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Cerebellum a Smith Predictor?

Miall¹,

Weir²,

Wolpert³

et al. 1993

Journal of Motor Behavior

953

624

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This type of population coding has been proposed as a mechanism for signal processing in the OB and olfactory and visional cortices (32)(33)(34)(35) and it should be particularly useful for determining solutions in closed form because of the finite number of glomeruli. The large dimensionality in glomerular space has the advantage of being quantified.…”

Section: Modification Of Saps With Prolonged Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and discrimination of odor stimuli in rat olfactory bulb by dynamic functional MRI

Kida²,

Hyder³

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

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Dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI was applied at 7 T in the rat olfactory bulb (OB) with pulsed delivery of iso-amyl acetate (IAA) and limonene. Acquisition times for singleslice and whole OB data were 8 and 32 s, respectively, with spatial resolution of 220 ؋ 220 ؋ 250 m. On an intrasubject basis, short IAA exposures of 0.6 min separated by 3.5-min intervals induced reproducible spatial activity patterns (SAPs) in the olfactory nerve layer, glomerular layer, and external plexiform layer. During long exposures (Ϸ10 min), the initially dominant dorsal SAPs declined in intensity and area, whereas in some OB regions, the initially weak ventral͞lateral SAPs increased first and then decreased. The SAPs of different concentrations were topologically similar, which implies that whereas an odor at various concentrations activates the same subsets of receptor cells, different concentrations are assessed and discriminated by variable magnitudes of laminarspecific activations. IAA and limonene reproducibly activated different subsets of receptor cells with some overlaps. Whereas qualitative topographical agreement was observed with results from other methods, the current dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI results can provide quantitative SAPs of the entire OB.blood oxygenation level-dependent ͉ functional mapping ͉ olfactory bulb I n mammals, olfactory behaviors such as determination of food palatability and searching require accurate assessment and discrimination of different odor types, concentrations, and exposure duration (1). Distinctions between these behavioral tasks are believed to rely on a spatial-encoding mechanism in which different odor and concentrations evoke spatial activity patterns (SAPs) in the olfactory bulb (OB). The SAPs are derived from functionally induced activity in olfactory receptor neurons that synapse at specific glomeruli (2).Insights into the coding of olfactory information have been partially inferred from SAPs in the OB, where the data can be obtained by various methods: 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography (3), electrophysiology (4), c-fos expression (5), functional MRI (fMRI) (6), and optical imaging of voltage-sensitive dyes (7) or intrinsic signals (8). Experimental limitations of each method affect data interpretations because each method maps a specific signal. Certain experimental criteria have to be met for olfactory perception to be systematically and ideally derived from the functional architecture revealed by the SAPs: (i) the neuroanatomy of the whole OB has to be mapped; (ii) the dynamic nature of SAPs in the whole OB has to be mapped with both high spatial and temporal resolutions; (iii) laminar-specific activations in the different layers have to be quantitated; and (iv) reproducibility of SAPs has to be established in a quantitative manner such that the effects of stimulus parameters (e.g., odor type, concentration, and exposure duration) can be easily identified and separated. If each criterion is met on an intrasubject basis by a par...

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“…Riemannian geometry A series of papers has recognized that a few of the most popular Riemannian-geometric transformation properties possessed by physics systems might be advantageous for a theory of cortical interactions, i.e., most specifically in the cerebellum, and they hav e gone further to postulate this geometry as the essential component of their theory [113][114][115].…”

Section: Regional Long-time Propagatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: A scaling paradigm applied to electroencephalography

Ingber

1991

Phys. Rev. A

124

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A series of papers has developed a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI), deriving aggregate behavior of experimentally observed columns of neurons from statistical electrical-chemical properties of synaptic interactions. While not useful to yield insights at the single neuron level, SMNI has demonstrated its capability in describing large-scale properties of short-term memory and electroencephalographic (EEG) systematics. The necessity of including nonlinear and stochastic structures in this development has been stressed. In this paper, a more stringent test is placed on SMNI: The algebraic and numerical algorithms previously developed in this and similar systems are brought to bear to fit large sets of EEG and evoked potential data being collected to investigate genetic predispositions to alcoholism and to extract brain "signatures" of short-term memory. Using the numerical algorithm of Very Fast Simulated Re-Annealing, it is demonstrated that SMNI can indeed fit this data within experimentally observed ranges of its underlying neuronal-synaptic parameters, and use the quantitative modeling results to examine physical neocortical mechanisms to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk populations genetically predisposed to alcoholism. Since this first study is a control to span relatively long time epochs, similar to earlier attempts to establish such correlations, this discrimination is inconclusive because of other neuronal activity which can mask such effects. However, the SMNI model is shown to be consistent with EEG data during selective attention tasks and with neocortical mechanisms describing short-term memory previously published using this approach. This paper explicitly identifies similar nonlinear stochastic mechanisms of interaction at the microscopic-neuronal, mesoscopic-columnar and macroscopic-regional scales of neocortical interactions. These results give strong quantitative support for an accurate intuitive picture, portraying neocortical interactions as having common algebraic or physics mechanisms that scale across quite disparate spatial scales and functional or behavioral phenomena, i.e., describing interactions among neurons, columns of neurons, and regional masses of neurons.PA

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Brain modeling by tensor network theory and computer simulation. The cerebellum: Distributed processor for predictive coordination

Cited by 523 publications

References 27 publications

Is the Cerebellum a Smith Predictor?

Is the Cerebellum a Smith Predictor?

Assessment and discrimination of odor stimuli in rat olfactory bulb by dynamic functional MRI

Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: A scaling paradigm applied to electroencephalography

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