Brain phospholipid arachidonic acid half-lives are not altered following 15 weeks of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid adequate or deprived diet

Green, Joshua T.; Liu, Zhen; Bazinet, Richard P.

doi:10.1194/jlr.m000786

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The brain incorporates unesterifi ed AA from plasma at a rate of 0.30-0.60 mol/day in unanesthetized rats not consuming AA ( 46,47 ). This rate approximates the rate of AA metabolic loss from brain, as AA cannot be synthesized de novo and is converted minimally (<0.2%) from the LA that enters from plasma ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying conversion of linoleic to arachidonic and other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in unanesthetized rats

Gao

Kiesewetter

Chang

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying conversion of linoleic to arachidonic and other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in unanesthetized rats

Gao

Kiesewetter

Chang

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…1). As previously described ( 11,26 ), rats were anes thetized with isofl urane inhalation (3% induction, 1-2% maintenance). Their heads were shaved at the area of incision and they were positioned onto a stereotaxic frame (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL).…”

Section: Quantitation Of Baseline Brain Eicosanoids and Docosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To create each infusate, the tracer was dissolved in a 5 mM HEPES buffer solution (pH 7.4) with a ratio of tracer molecules to fatty acid-free BSA that was larger than 3:2. The mixture was sonicated and stored at Ϫ 80°C ( 11 ). Tracer purity was confi rmed by HPLC and liquid scintillation counting (LSC).…”

Section: Quantitation Of Baseline Brain Eicosanoids and Docosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TLC was used to isolate the total phospholipids, as well as the phospholipid classes from the total lipid extract as previously described ( 11,26 ). TLC plates were washed in chlorofrom-methanol (2:1 by volume) and were activated for 1 h at 100°C.…”

Section: Extraction and Isolation Of Brain Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Output peaks were identifi ed using known retention times of authentic FAME standards (Nu-Chek Prep Inc., Elysian, MN). Fatty acid concentrations were calculated by comparison of the GC fatty acid peak areas to the internal 17:0 standard peak area ( 11,26,28 ).…”

Section: Quantitation Of Baseline Brain Phospholipid Fatty Acids By Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic dietary n-6 PUFA deprivation leads to conservation of arachidonic acid and more rapid loss of DHA in rat brain phospholipids

Lin

Chen

Hildebrand

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org disease, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, and major depression ( 7-9 ).ARA and DHA can either be obtained directly from the diet or synthesized from their nutritionally essential precursor fatty acids linoleic acid (18:2n-6; LA) and ␣ -linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) respectively, which are the main dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFAs. Thus, it is of interest to determine whether changes in the level of dietary n-6 or n-3 PUFAs can alter the concentrations of ARA and/or DHA in the brain, and more importantly, whether these dietary changes affect their metabolism. In fact, clinical trials in humans are underway, with the assumption that lowering n-6 PUFAs may decrease brain ARA and its metabolism ( 1 ).Several studies have investigated the effects of dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation on brain ARA and DHA concentrations and metabolism in rats. Feeding rats an n-3 PUFAdeprived diet that contains ALA at a concentration of 0.04% versus an n-3 PUFA-adequate diet containing ALA at 4.4% of all fatty acids decreased the concentration of DHA by 37% and increased docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n-6 concentration by 95% in brain total phospholipids, but did not change the concentration of ARA ( 10 ). This study also reported that n-3 PUFA deprivation conserves DHA in rat brain phospholipids extending the half-life from 33 to 90 days. This conservation response was selective for DHA, as n-3 PUFA deprivation did not alter the half-life or rate of ARA metabolic consumption ( 11 ). Alterations in brain DHA concentration and metabolism appear to occur below a threshold of 0.8% ALA in the diet, Abstract To determine how the level of dietary n-6 PUFA affects the rate of loss of arachidonic acid (ARA) and DHA in brain phospholipids, male rats were fed either a deprived or adequate n-6 PUFA diet for 15 weeks postweaning, and then subjected to an intracerebroventricular infusion of 3 H-ARA or 3 H-DHA. Brains were collected at fi xed times over 128 days to determine half-lives and the rates of loss from brain phospholipids ( J out ). Compared with the adequate n-6 PUFA rats, the deprived n-6-PUFA rats had a 15% lower concentration of ARA and an 18% higher concentration of DHA in their brain total phospholipids. Loss half-lives of ARA in brain total phospholipids and fractions (except phosphatidylserine) were longer in the deprived n-6 PUFA rats, whereas the J out was decreased. In the deprived versus adequate n-6 PUFA rats, the J out of DHA was higher. In conclusion, chronic n-6 PUFA deprivation decreases the rate of loss of ARA and increases the rate of loss of DHA in brain phospholipids. Thus, a low n-6 PUFA diet can be used to target brain ARA and DHA metabolism. The brain is specifi cally enriched with the two PUFAs arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; ARA) and DHA (22:6n-3), which are considered important for normal brain function. Bioactive mediators from ARA and DHA, the eicosanoids and docosanoids, respectively, regulate many processes including neuroinfl ammation, pain perception, and blood fl ow...

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GC for flavonoids analysis: Past, current, and prospective trends

Nolvachai

Marriott

2012

J of Separation Science

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Flavonoids represent one of the more abundant classes of phytochemicals. They are renowned for their health benefits against age-related ailments and diseases. Several chromatography techniques have underpinned many chemical analysis methods, developed for superior flavonoid separation and identification. Among these, GC is one of the most powerful tools in separation science, providing precise measurement of a wide range of flavonoids. Combined with various detectors - most commonly MS-GC offers a sensitive and accurate tool for quantitative and qualitative flavonoids analysis. This review features developments in the application of GC and MS for flavonoids determination during past decades, progressing to recent developments and considering future trends. The review will highlight the state-of-the-art of GC, with opportunities for multidimensional GC analysis also briefly discussed.

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Brain phospholipid arachidonic acid half-lives are not altered following 15 weeks of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid adequate or deprived diet

Cited by 23 publications

References 60 publications

Quantifying conversion of linoleic to arachidonic and other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in unanesthetized rats

Quantifying conversion of linoleic to arachidonic and other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in unanesthetized rats

Chronic dietary n-6 PUFA deprivation leads to conservation of arachidonic acid and more rapid loss of DHA in rat brain phospholipids

GC for flavonoids analysis: Past, current, and prospective trends

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