Brain stimulation: a therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurological disorders

Conde, José Antonio Camacho; Gonzalez‐Bermudez, Maria del Rosario; Carretero‐Rey, Marta; Khan, Zafar U.

doi:10.1111/cns.13769

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Within the currently available noninvasive methods, rTMS is considered as a tool with great therapeutic potential because it is powerful and safe, and the risk of severe negative side effects upon application is very low 148 . By contrast, tDCS is not as powerful and generates weak stimulus; however, it is relatively easy to use and transport, lot less expensive, and it has low incidence of side effects 148 . Even though the tDCS is weak and it cannot induce high‐frequency stimulation, the use of this technique has increased 4.5 times in a decade compared with 1.5 times for rTMS according to the publications recorded in PubMed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 148 By contrast, tDCS is not as powerful and generates weak stimulus; however, it is relatively easy to use and transport, lot less expensive, and it has low incidence of side effects. 148 Even though the tDCS is weak and it cannot induce high‐frequency stimulation, the use of this technique has increased 4.5 times in a decade compared with 1.5 times for rTMS according to the publications recorded in PubMed. Nevertheless, the rTMS remains the most widely used noninvasive technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as a tool with great therapeutic potential because it is powerful and safe, and the risk of severe negative side effects upon application is very low 148. By contrast, tDCS is not as powerful and generates weak stimulus; however, it is relatively easy to use and transport, lot less expensive, and it has low incidence of side effects 148.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders

et al. 2022

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Treatment for brain diseases has been disappointing because available medications have failed to produce clinical response across all the patients. Many patients either do not respond or show partial and inconsistent effect, and even in patients who respond to the medications have high relapse rates. Brain stimulation has been seen as an alternative and effective remedy. As a result, brain stimulation has become one of the most valuable therapeutic tools for combating against brain diseases. In last decade, studies with the application of brain stimulation techniques not only have grown exponentially but also have expanded to wide range of brain disorders. Brain stimulation involves passing electric currents into the cortical and subcortical area brain cells with the use of noninvasive as well as invasive methods to amend brain functions. Over time, technological advancements have evolved into the development of precise devices; however, at present, most used noninvasive techniques are repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), whereas the most common invasive technique is deep brain stimulation (DBS). In the current review, we will provide an overview of the potential of noninvasive (rTMS and tDCS) and invasive (DBS) brain stimulation techniques focusing on the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast to invasive modulation, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are two non-invasive techniques commonly used in the clinic, which utilize electrodes or coils to apply electric or magnetic forces to the human scalp, resulting in both acute and neuro-plastic alterations in cortical excitability (Rawji et al, 2020). TES and TMS can be used for the treatment of epilepsy, stroke, schizophrenia and depression (Camacho-Conde et al, 2022). These non-invasive techniques hold the advantages of safety, well-tolerated, cost-effective, and easy to operate (Yavari et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique: “Temporally interfering electrical stimulation”

Guo

He²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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For decades, neuromodulation technology has demonstrated tremendous potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, challenges such as being less intrusive, more concentrated, using less energy, and better public acceptance, must be considered. Several novel and optimized methods are thus urgently desiderated to overcome these barriers. In specific, temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation was pioneered in 2017, which used a low-frequency envelope waveform, generated by the superposition of two high-frequency sinusoidal currents of slightly different frequency, to stimulate specific targets inside the brain. TI electrical stimulation holds the advantages of both spatial targeting and non-invasive character. The ability to activate deep pathogenic targets without surgery is intriguing, and it is expected to be employed to treat some neurological or psychiatric disorders. Recently, efforts have been undertaken to investigate the stimulation qualities and translation application of TI electrical stimulation via computational modeling and animal experiments. This review detailed the most recent scientific developments in the field of TI electrical stimulation, with the goal of serving as a reference for future research.

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“…Application of tDCS to the primary motor cortex (M1), which controls the movement of upper and lower extremities, increases the activity of the motor cortex to improve motor learning in both healthy individuals and post-stroke patients [13]. Because tDCS is considered safe and is highly portable, it is easy to use simultaneously with other rehabilitation therapies such as gait training [14]. Intensive upper extremity motor learning in combination with tDCS effectively improves upper extremity motor function after stroke [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Simultaneous High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robot-assisted Gait Training on Gait Function in Chronic Stroke Patients

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is used for rehabilitation after stroke, but not all chronic stroke patients achieve satisfactory improvement in physical ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effects of RAGT on gait and physical function in chronic stroke patients could be enhanced by simultaneously applying high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS). Methods Twenty-four chronic hemiplegic stroke patients (15 males; mean age 60.5 ± 13.9 years) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to either the RAGT with real HD-tDCS group (RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) rHD-tDCS) or the RAGT with sham HD-tDCS group (RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) sHD-tDCS). Each group completed 10 sessions over four consecutive weeks. Gait and physical function were measured by the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Assessments were performed before intervention (Pre), immediately after intervention (Post), and at follow-up (F/U) one month after the intervention. Results The RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) rHD-tDCS group showed statistically significant improvements in 10MWT, TUG, FRT, and BBS at Post and F/U compared to Pre (P < 0.05). The RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) rHD-tDCS group also improved significantly in the DGI and FMA at Post compared with Pre (P < 0.05). The RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) sHD-tDCS did not show significant improvement at Post or F/U compared to Pre. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant time × group interactions in the FMA and the K-MBI (P < 0.05), indicating that the RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) rHD-tDCS group experienced greater improvements in motor and activities of daily living functions compared with the RAGT \(\stackrel{-}{\text{c}}\) sHD-tDCS group. Conclusion These results demonstrate that simultaneous application of HD-tDCS during RAGT produces positive effects on gait and physical function in chronic stroke patients. Combining RAGT with HD-tDCS ensured long-term training effects for up to one month. HD-tDCS can be suggested as a complementary tool for enhancing robotic gait rehabilitation therapy in chronic stroke patients after a larger confirmatory study to verify these effects. Trial registration: Clinical trials registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04985864 (07/30/2021).

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Brain stimulation: a therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurological disorders

Cited by 51 publications

References 154 publications

Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders

Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders

A novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique: “Temporally interfering electrical stimulation”

Effect of Simultaneous High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robot-assisted Gait Training on Gait Function in Chronic Stroke Patients

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