Brain structure in schizophrenia vs. psychotic bipolar I disorder: A VBM study

Nenadić, Igor; Maitra, Raka; Langbein, Kerstin; Dietzek, Maren; Lorenz, Carsten; Smesny, Stefan; Reichenbach, Jürgen R.; Sauer, Heinrich; Gaser, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.007

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…35, 39 Similarly, early studies suggest thalamus volume reductions to be present across disease categories, 36, 40 but later reports with larger sample sizes detected this feature only in schizophrenia. 29, 41 Findings are more inconsistent in regards to amygdala volume, which has been reported to be unaffected in both diagnostic groups, 42, 43 decreased only in schizophrenia, 44 more prominently decreased in schizophrenia compared than in BD 45 and vice versa. 37 Reports on basal ganglia volumes are also conflicting where some find volume increase 46, 47 or decrease 48, 49 that is shared across illnesses, abnormalities in schizophrenia but not BD, 34, 36 or lack of abnormalities in either diagnostic group (except for the nucleus accumbens).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

et al. 2017

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Since Emil Kraepelin's conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case-control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

et al. 2017

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“…Of note, the EC-SCZ group does not necessarily encompass only those experiencing a first-episode. However, there is a large literature on neurobiological differences in first-episode schizophrenia, and the criteria for recruitment and average duration of illness for the EC-SCZ group in our study encompasses the time course of those recruited with first-episode in other studies (Gelber et al, 2004; Gupta et al, 1997; Lieberman et al, 2005; Nenadic et al, 2015; Rais et al, 2008; Wheeler et al, 2014). HR subjects were comprised of offspring of individuals with schizophrenia (at least one parent), and who were not past the age of peak illness risk (<30 y/o) – these subjects therefore still had potential to develop illness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdala volume is reduced in early course schizophrenia

Rich

Cho

Tang

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Subcortical structural alterations have been implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Yet, the extent of anatomical alterations for subcortical structures across illness phases remains unknown. To assess this, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine volume differences of major subcortical structures: thalamus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, amygdala and hippocampus. These differences were examined across four groups: i) healthy comparison subjects (HCS, n=96); ii) individuals at high risk (HR, n=21) for schizophrenia; iii) early-course schizophrenia patients (EC-SCZ, n=28); and iv) chronic schizophrenia patients (C-SCZ, n=20). Raw gray matter volumes and volumetric ratios (volume of specific structure / total gray matter volume) were extracted using automated segmentation tools. EC-SCZ group exhibited smaller bilateral amygdala volumetric ratios, compared to HCS and HR subjects. Findings did not change when corrected for age, level of education and medication use. Amygdala raw volumes did not differ among groups once adjusted for multiple comparisons, but the smaller amygdala volumetric ratio in EC-SCZ survived Bonferroni correction. Other structures were not different across the groups following Bonferroni correction. Smaller amygdala volumes during early illness course may reflect pathophysiologic changes specific to illness development, including disrupted salience processing and acute stress responses.

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“…All subjects had capacity to consent, and none of them was undergoing compulsory treatment at the time of study. We have previously described this sample in an analysis using voxel-based morphometry (Nenadic et al, 2015). Patients were all recruited from in-patient and out-patient services of Jena University Hospital and assessed by a board-certified psychiatrist (I.N.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%