480R enal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitutes 85% of all primary malignant tumors arising from kidney and nearly 3% of adult cancers (1-6). Approximately 20%-30% of patients diagnosed with RCC have metastasis at the time of diagnosis (1). In patients with recurrent RCC, progression of the disease, the period of survival, and the disease process can be predicted owing to many morphological, clinical, histological, and molecular parameters (3). The prognostic markers of RCC include tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage as morphological marker; histological type, nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid change as histological markers; and factors such as adhesion molecules, molecules stimulating immune response, growth factor receptors, and molecules inducing hypoxia as molecular and genetic markers (3). Clinical and laboratory prognostic factors are represented by the following parameters: patient performance at tumor presentation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocyte count, as well as serum calcium, hemoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Among these, tumor stage, grade, and patient performance are the most widely used. Many studies on molecular and cytogenetic markers have been performed but none has been found to be better than tumor stage and nuclear grade to estimate prognosis. For this reason, efforts for determining new prognostic factors that indicate the proliferation and progression of RCC still persist (2-4). Several trials have been conducted concerning the diameter of tumors in RCC; however, few trials exist regarding the tumor volume. Tumor volume calculated using three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques is accepted as independent marker in predicting the outcome in pharyngolaryngeal, lung, and breast cancers (5). Tumor volume is the basic criterion for deciding the treatment outcome in radiotherapy (7). Measuring the volume of brain tumors allows making decision on the prognosis and treatment of the patient (8).The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of tumor volume on prognosis and the relation of tumor volume to other prognostic markers in patients with RCC.
Materials and methodsThe study included 46 retrospectively assessed patients (32 males and 14 females; mean age, 58.13±10.47 years; age range, 33-81 years) who underwent surgery between January 2002 and January 2009 and received a diagnosis of RCC. Considering January 1, 2009 as the deadline, the clinical information and the last health status of all patients were obtained from the hospital information system and/or by contacting the patients or their relatives who agreed to communicate by phone. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of our institution.
GENITOURINARY IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of tumor volume on survival in patients with renal cell carcinomaMustafa Seçil, Neşat Çullu, Güven Aslan, Uğur Mungan, Fatma Uysal, Burçin Tuna, Kutsal Yörükoğlu
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study included 46 retrospectively assessed patients with RCC (32 males and 14 females; mean age, 58.13±10.47 years) ...