Branch occlusion and discoloration of Betula alnoides under artificial and natural pruning

Chun-sheng, Wang; Hein, Sebastian; Zhao, Zhigang; Guo, Junjie; Zeng, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.027

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The following, more detailed studies confirmed that pruning can increase the value of birch butt logs for plywood, veneer, or sawn wood production (Heiskanen 1958). Later, the effects of pruning on birch wood quality were studied by Vuokila (1976), Raulo et al (1978), Verkasalo and Rintala (1998), Kannisto and Heräjärvi (2006), Schatz et al (2008), Wang et al (2016), and Stener et al (2017). The economic aspect of birch pruning has been studied by Holopainen (1949), Heiskanen (1966a), and Kannisto and Heräjärvi (2006) who calculated that if pruned B. pendula is harvested when the diameter at breast height reaches 29-30 cm, the forest owner can get a 4-5 per cent return on the pruning investment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Along with the pruned branch stub length and radial growth of the tree, the diameter of a pruned branch is an important factor influencing the time needed for the occlusion of a knot independent of the tree species (Verkasalo and Rintala 1998;DeBell et al 2006;Kannisto and Heräjärvi 2006;Hein and Spiecker 2007;Hein 2008;Dănescu et al 2015;Wang et al 2015Wang et al , 2016Sheppard et al 2016;Stener et al 2017). According to our study, approximately 70-80% of the diameter of an average knot stub was covered in birch trees with the average growth rate in five to six years.…”

Section: Occlusion Rate Of Study Knotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in <i>Betula pendula</i> – situation five years after pruning

Niemistö¹,

Kilpeläinen²,

Heräjärvi³

2019

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in Betula pendula -situation five years after pruningNiemistö P., Kilpeläinen H., Heräjärvi H. (2019). Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in Betula pendula -situation five years after pruning. Silva Fennica vol. 53 no. Highlights• The occlusion was the fastest in the case of small living branches of fast growing trees pruned in springtime. • Occlusion was quicker after saw pruning than after secateurs pruning, due to shorter knot stubs.• Branches that were pruned in living state occluded faster than the ones pruned as dead.• Dead branches hit down with a stick occluded slowly. AbstractThis paper investigates and models the effects of pruning season and tool on wound occlusion with varying tree and branch characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) stems at the pruning height of 0−4 metres. Dates of eight secateurs prunings, three saw prunings and two sticks prunings as well as unpruned control were tested in permanent plots on four sites. Knot occlusion and discolouration in stemwood were measured from about 1600 studied knots of 112 sample trees felled five to six years after pruning in 2010. Knot occlusion rate was modelled according to pruning tool, date, tree growth, and branch characteristics. The occlusion was the fastest in trees pruned in spring or early summer, and the slowest in trees pruned in autumn. Stubs of living branches occluded faster than the dead ones with the same diameter. Saw pruning resulted in clearly better occlusion rates than secateurs pruning, caused by the shorter knot stubs after saw pruning. Hitting dead branches away with a stick resulted in the worst occlusion status. The colour defects spread more often upward from the knot than downward. Discolouration in stemwood was detected more frequently near to the pruned branches than the unpruned ones, and more widely near to the stubs of dead branches than the living ones. Most saw and secateurs pruned branches were completely occluded during the experiment, so these prunings were suitable for all branches under 20 mm in diameter, and for living branches even up to 30 mm in fast-growing trees.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Occlusion Rate Of Study Knotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in <i>Betula pendula</i> – situation five years after pruning

Niemistö¹,

Kilpeläinen²,

Heräjärvi³

2019

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Decay-spreading mechanisms are successful in most vigorous or actively growing trees in barrier zones [9] . Branch wounds that result from hand pruning might become potential infection courts leading to the decay and fungi of woods, which will increase the risk of infection [12] . ER (electrical resistance) exists in the cambium zone of trees and is inversely proportional to the rate of growth and also has the same relationship with the wound closure; however, it has different relations with the amount of wood discoloration.…”

Section: Tree Response To Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of pruning fruit trees

Zhang

Koç²,

Wang

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstracts. The focus of this review is to present the results of studies and articles about ways to prune fruit trees. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring so that the infection risk can be significantly decreased. This review will also offer an overview of methods to prevent infections and speed up recovery on the trees. The following is an interpretation of why high-power ultrasonic assisted pruning in the fruits trees is needed and will elaborate on the efficiency, labor costs, and safety, as well as space, location, and some environmental issues.

show abstract

“…It has been widely accepted by farmers and many private companies in South China. The planting areas have exceeded more than 150,000 hectares in these areas [2]. The wood of B. alnoides is of moderate density with beautiful texture and less likely to crack and warp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quality grade and value of the timber depend largely on branchiness, as the size and number of branches along the stem influence the development of knots and the occurrence of knot-related defects [2,6,7]. This has also been demonstrated for a large quantity of species with a specific focus on branch and knot development [4,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branch Development of Five-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantations in Response to Planting Density

Chun-sheng

Cheng

Hein

et al. 2018

Forests

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Branch development in the lower part of stem is critical to both early stem growth and wood quality of the most valuable section of tree, and its regulation through planting density has always been greatly concerned. Here the effect of planting density on branch development was examined in a five-year-old plantation of Betula alnoides with six planting densities (625, 833, 1111, 1250, 1667, and 2500 stems per hectare (sph)) in Guangdong Province, South China. Branch quantity (number, proportion, and density), morphology (diameter, length, and angle), position (height and orientation), and branch status (dead or alive) were investigated for 54 dominant or co-dominant trees under six treatments of planting density after the growth of each tree was measured. Factors influencing branch development were also explored by mixed modelling. The results showed that the mean tree heights of 1250 and 1667 sph treatments were higher than those of other planting density treatments. The quantity of live branches decreased with increasing planting density. However, planting density had no significant effect on the number of all branches, and there existed no remarkable difference in branch number and proportion among four orientations. As for branch morphology, only the largest branch diameter had a significantly negative correlation with planting density. In addition, high planting density significantly increased the height of the largest branch within the crown. Mixed effects models indicated that branch diameter, length, and angle were closely correlated with each other, and they were all in positively significant correlation to the branch height at the stem section below six meters. It was concluded that properly increasing planting density will promote natural pruning, improve early branch control, and be beneficial for wood production from the most valuable section of the stem.

show abstract

Branch occlusion and discoloration of Betula alnoides under artificial and natural pruning

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in <i>Betula pendula</i> – situation five years after pruning

Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in <i>Betula pendula</i> – situation five years after pruning

A review of pruning fruit trees

Branch Development of Five-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantations in Response to Planting Density

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About