Branched chain amino acids metabolism in heart failure

Gao, Chenshan; Hou, Lei

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1279066

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Accordingly, the hypothesis of energy starvation in HF suggests that mechanisms used to restore energy homeostasis might contribute to the vicious circle leading to cardiac remodeling and HF [ 9 , 10 ]. Indeed, increased glucose uptake and metabolism inhibit the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, promoting the mammalian target of rapamicine (mTOR) activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy [ 11 ]. Moreover, the inability to oxidize fatty acids could lead to the accumulation of lipotoxic metabolites [ 12 ].…”

Section: Dysregulation Of Fatty Acid Oxidation In Hfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Gallo,

Rubattu,

Volpe

2024

IJMS

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Mitochondrial dysfunction, a feature of heart failure, leads to a progressive decline in bioenergetic reserve capacity, consisting in a shift of energy production from mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to glycolytic pathways. This adaptive process of cardiomyocytes does not represent an effective strategy to increase the energy supply and to restore the energy homeostasis in heart failure, thus contributing to a vicious circle and to disease progression. The increased oxidative stress causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, damage of proteins and lipids, leakage of mitochondrial DNA, and inflammatory responses, finally stimulating different signaling pathways which lead to cardiac remodeling and failure. Furthermore, the parallel neurohormonal dysregulation with angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and sympatho-adrenergic overactivation, which occurs in heart failure, stimulates ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and aggravates the cellular damage. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which are mainly dependent on increased oxidative stress and perturbation of the dynamics of membrane potential and are associated with heart failure development and progression. We will also provide an overview of the potential implication of mitochondria as an attractive therapeutic target in the management and recovery process in heart failure.

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Section: Dysregulation Of Fatty Acid Oxidation In Hfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Gallo,

Rubattu,

Volpe

2024

IJMS

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“…However, previous work showed that under normal feeding conditions AAs from CPI and LI are absorbed at slower rates than those from animal proteins, which might explain the lower nutritional utilization of legume storage proteins as compared with LA or CAS [ 4 ]. Lower rates of AAs portal absorption and arterial plasma in rats fed legume proteins may also contribute to a lower risk of processes such as, for example, heart failure, which has been linked to high plasma BCAAs (branch chain amino acids: valine, isoleucine, leucine) levels [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Milk or Isolated Legume Proteins Modulate Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats

Rubio

2024

Nutrients

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Shifts toward increased proteolytic fermentation, such as, for example, in athlete and high-protein weight loss diets, may alter the relative abundance of microbial species in the gut and generate bioactive, potentially deleterious metabolic products. In the current investigation, intestinal (caecal) microbiota composition was studied in rats fed diets differing only in their constituent proteins: milk (casein (CAS), lactalbumin (LA)) or legume (Cicer arietinum, Lupinus angustifolius) protein isolates (chickpea protein isolate (CPI), lupin protein isolate (LI)). ANOSIM and Discriminant Analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) differences at both family and genus levels in both microbiota composition and functionality as a consequence of feeding the different proteins. Differences were also significant (p < 0.05) for predicted functionality parameters as determined by PICRUSt analysis. LA induced a generally healthier microbiota composition than CAS, and higher amounts of Methanobrevibacter spp. and Methanogenic_PWY were found in the LI group. LEfSe analysis of bacterial composition and functional activities revealed a number of groups/functions able to explain the different effects found with milk and legume protein isolates. In conclusion, the mostly beneficial modulation of intestinal microbiota generally found with legume-based diets is likely to be due, at least in part, to their constituent proteins.

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Sex differences and testosterone interfere with the structure of the gut microbiota through the bile acid signaling pathway

Duan,

Nie,

Xie

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe gut microbiome has a significant impact on human wellness, contributing to the emergence and progression of a range of health issues including inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular problems, and psychiatric disorders. Notably, clinical observations have revealed that these illnesses can display differences in incidence and presentation between genders. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the composition of gut microbiota is associated with sex-specific differences and to elucidate the mechanism.Methods16S-rRNA-sequencing technology, hormone analysis, gut microbiota transplantation, gonadectomy, and hormone treatment were employed to investigate the correlation between the gut microbiome and sex or sex hormones. Meanwhile, genes and proteins involved bile acid signaling pathway were analyzed both in the liver and ileum tissues.ResultsThe composition and diversity of the microbiota from the jejunum and feces and the level of sex hormones in the serum differed between the sexes in young and middle-aged Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. However, no similar phenomenon was found in geriatric rats. Interestingly, whether in young, middle-aged, or old rats, the composition of the microbiota and bacterial diversity differed between the jejunum and feces in rats. Gut microbiota transplantation, gonadectomy, and hormone replacement also suggested that hormones, particularly testosterone (T), influenced the composition of the gut microbiota in rats. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein level of genes involved bile acid signaling pathway (specifically SHP, FXR, CYP7A1, and ASBT) exhibited gender-specific differences, and T may play a significant role in mediating the expression of this pathway.ConclusionSex-specific differences in the structure of the gut microbiota are mediated by T through the bile acid signaling pathway, pointing to potential targets for disease prevention and management techniques by indicating that sex differences and T levels may alter the composition of the gut microbiota via the bile acid signaling pathway.

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Branched chain amino acids metabolism in heart failure

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Dietary Milk or Isolated Legume Proteins Modulate Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats

Sex differences and testosterone interfere with the structure of the gut microbiota through the bile acid signaling pathway

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