Branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase mutant of<i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i>

Beck, Hans Christian

doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.041

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It may involve changes in the fatty acid composition of the membrane by varying the length of acyl chains, number of double bonds or branching of acyl chains by methyl groups (Klein et al 1999). Branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) participate, after their uptake, in oxidative deamination and subsequent decarboxylation reactions to act as precursors in anteiso-branched chain fatty acid synthesis (Kim Jung-Ja and Miura 2004;Beck 2005;Beck et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of salt stress inducible genes that control cell envelope related functions in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

2007

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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense are agronomically important as they are frequently used for crop inoculation. But adverse factors such as increasing soil salinity limit their survival, multiplication and phytostimulatory effect. In order to understand the role of the genes involved in the adaptation of A. brasilense Sp7 to salt stress, a mutant library (6,800 mutants) was constructed after random integration of a mini-Transposon Tn5 derivative containing a promoterless gusA and oriV. The library was screened for salt stress inducible Gus activity on minimal malate agar medium containing NaCl and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D: -glucuronide. Salt stress responsiveness of the promoters was estimated by quantifying GusA activity in the presence and absence of NaCl stress using p-nitrophenyl-beta-D: -glucuronide as a substrate. In 11 mutants showing high levels of gusA expression in the presence of salt-stress, the partial nucleotide sequence of the DNA region flanking the site of Tn5 insertion was determined and analysed using the NCBI-BLAST programs. Similarity searches revealed that 10 out of the 11 genes sequenced showed notable similarity with genes involved in functions related to modulation in the composition of exopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan and lipid bilayer of the cell envelope. Induction of cell envelope related genes in response to salt stress and salt sensitive phenotype of several mutants in A. brasilense indicate a prominent role of cell envelope in salt-stress adaptation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of salt stress inducible genes that control cell envelope related functions in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

2007

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“…IlvC also links amino acid biosynthesis to acetolactate-acetoin metabolism, where pyruvate can be transformed into acetoin, thus allowing for the production of more neutral compounds with a higher pK a than that of lactic acid. Branched-chain amino acid ATases catalyze the final step of amino acid biosynthesis; however, due to their dual function, they can play a role in both the biosynthesis and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (6,23). In their biosynthetic capacity, ATases catalyze the final step in the generation of bcAAs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ilvE gene, encoding a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase, has been shown to play an important role in bcFA synthesis by providing precursors for the fatty acid biosynthetic machinery. It has also been shown that a mutation in ilvE leads to a nutritional requirement for amino acids and a change in the catabolites produced from amino acid degradation (6). For Staphylococcus carnosus, an ilvE mutant was shown to lose ATase activity for branched-chain amino acids (42), demonstrating its role in amino acid catabolism.…”

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The Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase Encoded by ilvE Is Involved in Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans

et al. 2012

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Here we constructed and characterized an ilvE deletion mutant of S. mutans UA159. Growth experiments revealed that the ilvE mutant strain has a lag in growth when nutritionally limited for branched-chain amino acids. We further demonstrated that the loss of ilvE causes a decrease in acid tolerance. The ilvE strain exhibits a defect in F 1 -F o ATPase activity and has reduced catabolic activity for isoleucine and valine. Results from transcriptional studies showed that the ilvE promoter is upregulated during growth at low pH. Collectively, the results of this investigation show that amino acid metabolism is a component of the acidadaptive repertoire of S. mutans.

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“…Also, S. epidermidis-derived virulence factors have been studied in S. carnosus, such as phenol-soluble modulin peptides (55), the methicillin resistance gene (71), and biofilm formation by the S. epidermidis-derived ica genes (29). Elements of the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) have been structurally analyzed (27,45,53), and specific pathways have been investigated (6). Many reports deal with the function and application of S. carnosus in the food industry (39,61).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome Analysis of the Meat Starter Culture BacteriumStaphylococcus carnosusTM300

Rosenstein

Nerz

Biswas

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

107

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The Staphylococcus carnosus genome has the highest GC content of all sequenced staphylococcal genomes, with 34.6%, and therefore represents a species that is set apart from S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and S. haemolyticus. With only 2.56 Mbp, the genome belongs to a family of smaller staphylococcal genomes, and the ori and ter regions are asymmetrically arranged with the replichores I (1.05 Mbp) and II (1.5 Mbp). The events leading up to this asymmetry probably occurred not that long ago in evolution, as there was not enough time to approach the natural tendency of a physical balance. Unlike the genomes of pathogenic species, the TM300 genome does not contain mobile elements such as plasmids, insertion sequences, transposons, or STAR elements; also, the number of repeat sequences is markedly decreased, suggesting a comparatively high stability of the genome. While most S. aureus genomes contain several prophages and genomic islands, the TM300 genome contains only one prophage, ⌽TM300, and one genomic island, SCA1, which is characterized by a mosaic structure mainly composed of species-specific genes. Most of the metabolic core pathways are present in the genome. Some open reading frames are truncated, which reflects the nutrient-rich environment of the meat starter culture, making some functions dispensable. The genome is well equipped with all functions necessary for the starter culture, such as nitrate/nitrite reduction, various sugar degradation pathways, two catalases, and nine osmoprotection systems. The genome lacks most of the toxins typical of S. aureus as well as genes involved in biofilm formation, underscoring the nonpathogenic status.It has been known for a long time that staphylococci play a role in the fermentation of dry sausage (52). At first, they were regarded as micrococci, but it turned out that these micrococci were wrongly classified and were in fact staphylococci. Based on DNA/DNA hybridization, biochemical properties, and cell wall composition, these staphylococci formed a new species, which was named Staphylococcus carnosus because the bacteria can be isolated from meat fermentation products and have been used since the 1950s as a starter culture (64).One of the main advantages of starter cultures in fermentedfood processing is that the fermentation and ripening process can be carried out under controlled conditions. In this way, food poisoning and food spoilage microorganisms can be suppressed, and the course of the fermentation process and its termination can be more reliably monitored. During the ripening process of dry sausage, S. carnosus exerts several desired functions (5, 14, 40). First, S. carnosus gradually reduces nitrate to nitrite (50). The advantages of this reaction are that the nitrate concentration is lowered and that nitrite can combine with myoglobin to form nitrosomyoglobin, which results in the typical red color. In the second step, nitrite is then further reduced to ammonia, thus lowering the unbound nitrite concentration (51). Other advantages are d...

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Branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase mutant ofStaphylococcus carnosus

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of salt stress inducible genes that control cell envelope related functions in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

Identification of salt stress inducible genes that control cell envelope related functions in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

The Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase Encoded by ilvE Is Involved in Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans

Genome Analysis of the Meat Starter Culture BacteriumStaphylococcus carnosusTM300

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