“…Drawing on an interpretative perspective, the brand can be understood as a social construction and the result of a negotiated process involving different stakeholders (Gregory, 2007). The role of customers in shaping brand values as part of a 'dynamic dialectical relationship' (Holt, 2002), and the growing focus on prosumption (Humphreys & Grayson, 2008) whereby consumers are involved in creating brand value, reducing the traditional distinction between customer and employee in creating brand value (Cardador & Pratt, 2006) and brand meaning (Cova & Pace, 2006) attest to this; as well as the capacity by which employees can also resist or sabotage a brand (van Rekom, 1997). Brands, like identities, are seen from a functionalist (manageable), socially constructed, and post-modern perspective (as a consequence of powerrelationships), though typically not at the same time (Balmer, 2001).…”