“…Research shows that there is a deep attachment to brands, places and institutions, which can be incorporated into the self (Belk, 1988). Objects (product, brand, place) convey more meaning the more important they are to the self (Debenedetti et al, 2014; Escalas and Bettman, 2005; Fuschillo et al, 2022; Levy, 1959). For example, a consumer may choose to participate and co-produce with a brand because this experience leads to self-realisation.…”