Brazil: an emerging military power? The problem of the use of force in Brazilian international relations in the 21st century

Bertonha, João Fábio

doi:10.1590/s0034-73292010000200006

Cited by 23 publications

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“…It still chooses neither to engage with the issues of the use of force proper (Proença Jr. and Duarte 2007;Bertonha 2010), nor to relate to the conceptual criticism of its foundations (Rudzit and Nogami 2010), nor yet to take full responsibility for the Brazilian armed forces' constitutional mandate (Proença Jr. 2011a).…”

Section: A Summary Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian national defence policy and strategy reviewed as a unity

Júnior

Lessa

2018

Rev. bras. polít. int.

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• Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.http://www.scielo.br/rbpi Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional ISSN 1983-3121 Brazilian national defence policy and strategy reviewed as a unity Introduction T he public, regular presentation of defence policies and strategies is one of the cornerstones of democratic governance and serves diplomacy to preserve, protect, and support international peace and security. Such documents are a polity's declaratory policy, playing substantial domestic and international roles. They matter on many levels, conveying a polity's intentions and objectives, alternatives and choices about ends, ways, means, and methods. As importantly, defence policies are essential components of the system of checks and balances and civil-military relations.As defence policies express a polity's perception and direction as a whole, as a nation, they offer the opportunity of considering, furthermore, the role that defence preparations might play in development, in the well-being of the citizenry, in forming or enhancing their shared identity. They bring together aspirations and constraints, ambitions and restraints, ends desired and means required, the interpretation of the past and of what the future might hold. Defence policies serve, as a result, to communicate both how a polity perceives itself and how it perceives and wishes to participate in international society. Domício Proença Jr.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Engenharia de Produção Rio de Janeiro -RJ, Brazil (domicio.proenca.jr@gmail.com).ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-7866 Marcus Augustus LessaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Engenharia de Produção Rio de Janeiro -RJ, Brazil (marcus.lessa@gmail.com).ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001- Brazilian national defence policy and strategy reviewed as a unity Rev. Bras. Polít. Int., 60(2): e010, 2017 Proença Jr.; Lessa 2The Brazilian partnership in BRICS enhanced its international profile and elevated its role as a potential global player in the first two decades of the 21 st Century. This has made Brazil's expression of its ambitions, intentions, designs, defence policy and strategy of global, and not just of regional, interest. Política Nacional de Defesa (PND, National Defence Policy) and Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END, National Defence Strategy) correspond to the highest-level expression of Brazil's declaratory policy on defence. These are Brazil's strategic communication to the world as well as to Brazilians and to Brazilian armed forces, making them the paramount sources for appreciating Brazilian posture, projects, and prospects. What do Brazil's Política Nacional de Defesa (PND) and Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END) say?Two important caveats must precede their appreciation. First, it is neither possible to substitute their reading nor to...

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Section: A Summary Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian national defence policy and strategy reviewed as a unity

Júnior

Lessa

2018

Rev. bras. polít. int.

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“…In other words, while Brazil may display some signs of great power status and shows some ambition for it, it seems to fall short somewhere. The increase in military spending and the modernisation project is servient to Brazil's full entry on the international scene (Bertonha, ). Although military power has not been thought of as a crucial component of Brazil's efforts to acquire more international influence (and Brazil has lacked significant military capabilities so far), this seems to be changing fast, signalling a possible shift in military policy as well as in self‐image and goals.…”

Section: From Rising To Great Power: a Chimera For Brazil?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazil: What Rise of What Power?

Gardini

2015

Bull Latin American Res

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From 2003, the Lula administration has started a discourse and a practice of Brazil as a major international player. However, the conversion of a giant economy and political activism into regional and global power status has eluded Brazil so far. Labels such as great power or leader do not fit it. This article suggests that the problem is not with Brazil being unable to tick all the boxes but with the definitions that we use. Hence a call for new mental categories that better capture the surge of Brazil and other emerging powers in the twenty-first century. Drawing from the business literature, Brazil can be better understood as an international manager. ). Over the next fourteen years Brazil has been broadly perceived as a decisive actor regionally, and a significant player globally. However, the conversion of a giant economy and political activism into actual, tangible regional and global power status seems to have eluded Brazil so far. So how can Brazil's emergence and rise in power be characterised? And how can their actual impact over regional neighbours be captured? As the opening piece of this special issue on 'Latin American responses to the rise of Brazil', this article has two objectives. First, it critically reviews the existing literature on the rise of Brazil and power-related labels in order to illustrate the key features, assets and limitations of Brazil's power display. Second, in doing so the article also sets the stage for, and provides some interpretative tools to read the subsequent individual country case studies.What rise of what power? is a question with important theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, and this is related to the first aim of this article, the question underpins general concerns in foreign policy analysis as well as more specifically Brazilian preoccupations. In the former case, it allows reflections on what a country wants in/from the international system and what are the best available strategies and instruments to achieve these goals. In the latter, it helps understand Brazil's dilemma on what to do to have its power capabilities noted internationally but at a relatively low cost. On the practical side, and this has more to do with the second aim of the article, the different possible answers to the question may generate different perceptions and therefore different responses from Brazil's regional and global partners. To understand what kind of capabilities, material and immaterial, a country possesses, and in what areas, political, economic, military, it can project them abroad is vital to assess relative positions and power, a key consideration in foreign policy choices.The concept of power and the ways to compare it -and necessarily to measure it somehow -are central to international relations as practice and as an academic

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“…Tenho dúvidas (Bertonha 2010b) quanto a se a confiança brasileira na negociação não acaba por levar a uma quase passividade e acredito que, no futuro, alguma capacidade maior de projeção de poder será necessária. Também penso que a posição da diplomacia brasileira de, por princípio, negar o uso da força como instrumento de política externa tende a enfraquecer o soft power brasileiro e não o contrário.…”

Section: O Caso Brasileirounclassified

A Estratégia Nacional de Defesa do Brasil e a dos outros BRICs em perspectiva comparada

Bertonha

2013

Rev. bras. polít. int.

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IntroduçãoComparar é sempre uma dificuldade quando pensamos na formatação do pensamento histórico ou estratégico. Sempre se abrem dificuldades teóricas sobre o que pode e o que não pode ser comparado, os elementos da comparação, etc. Não obstante, quando escolhidos com cuidado os termos de comparação, especialmente no tocante às balizas geográficas, temporais e analíticas, a comparação pode ser sugestiva para indicar padrões, diferenças e permitir extrapolações e análises mais densas.Penso que isso é especialmente verdadeiro a respeito da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END) brasileira. Desde a sua publicação, em 2008, ela recebeu críticas e análises por parte da Academia e da mídia brasileira e internacional, mas sempre de forma isolada, como se o Brasil fosse o único país a estar repensando sua estratégia nacional de defesa frente à necessidade de adaptação a um novo momento da História.Nesse contexto, os componentes do grupo Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China (BRIC) são especialmente viáveis como objetos de comparação, pois, apesar das diferenças gritantes entre os quatro Estados, é opinião geral que eles representam o grande foco das alterações geopolíticas mundiais no século 21. Justifica-se, pois, que eles sejam comparados e que a END brasileira seja avaliada e comparada com os outros três membros do bloco.Cabe aqui assinalar que a escolha dos elementos de comparação foi feita da maneira mais simples possível, ou seja, os países constituintes do grupo dos BRICs. A única exceção foi a África do Sul, cuja recente adição ao grupo tornou impraticável a sua incorporação no presente texto, cuja pesquisa e elaboração

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Brazil: an emerging military power? The problem of the use of force in Brazilian international relations in the 21st century

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Brazilian national defence policy and strategy reviewed as a unity

Brazilian national defence policy and strategy reviewed as a unity

Brazil: What Rise of What Power?

A Estratégia Nacional de Defesa do Brasil e a dos outros BRICs em perspectiva comparada

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