Brazil’s vulnerability to COVID-19 quantified by a spatial metric

Almeida, Dayana; Pinheiro, Lincoln Brum de Leite Gusmão; Moschini, Luiz Eduardo; Bogaert, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100022

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The global outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised serious concerns about the responsiveness of healthcare systems and particularly about how vulnerable population groups might be affected ( Lancet, 2020 ; WHO, 2020 , Almeida et al, 2020 ). A rapidly growing body of research has emerged to model how the number of COVID-19 infections will likely grow and impact the demand for hospitalization services globally ( Petropoulos and Makridakis, 2020 , Walter, 2020 ) and at the national level ( Arenas et al, 2020 ; Moghadas et al, 2020 ; Paez, 2020 ; Paez et al, n.d. ; Wu et al, 2020 ) as well as at the regional and local levels ( Barrozo et al, 2020a ; Castro et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare in Brazil using a balanced float catchment area approach

Pereira

Braga

Servo

et al. 2021

Social Science & Medicine

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The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the world has raised concerns about the responsiveness of cities and healthcare systems during pandemics. Recent studies try to model how the number of COVID-19 infections will likely grow and impact the demand for hospitalization services at national and regional levels. However, less attention has been paid to the geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare services and to hospitals’ response capacity at the local level, particularly in urban areas in the Global South. This paper shows how transport accessibility analysis can provide actionable information to help improve healthcare coverage and responsiveness. It analyzes accessibility to COVID-19 healthcare at high spatial resolution in the 20 largest cities of Brazil. Using network-distance metrics, we estimate the vulnerable population living in areas with poor access to healthcare facilities that could either screen or hospitalize COVID-19 patients. We then use a new balanced floating catchment area (BFCA) indicator to estimate spatial, income, and racial inequalities in access to hospitals with intensive care unit (ICU) beds and mechanical ventilators while taking into account congestion effects. Based on this analysis, we identify substantial social and spatial inequalities in access to health services during the pandemic. The availability of ICU equipment varies considerably between cities, and it is substantially lower among black and poor communities. The study maps territorial inequalities in healthcare access and reflects on different policy lessons that can be learned for other countries based on the Brazilian case.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the rapid growth of COVID-19 in Brazil, it is essential to map the potential stress on the country's healthcare system ( Almeida et al, 2020 ; Barrozo et al, 2020a ). Previous studies show an unusual increase in the numbers of deaths ( Barrozo et al, 2020a ) and admissions to hospitals due to COVID-19 ( InfoGripe, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare in Brazil using a balanced float catchment area approach

Pereira

Braga

Servo

et al. 2021

Social Science & Medicine

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“…In sum, knowledge visualisation through the CoVis provides more informed, effective and efficient decisions for authorities, policymakers and healthcare decision-makers to act upon. Along with this study, rapidly growing literature on the topic, such as Almeida et al (2020) and Currie et al (2020), for instance, demonstrates how knowledge visualisation tools can help reduce the impact of COVID-19. Especially by harnessing the power of visualisation in knowledge management to help understand the complexity of pandemics and provide informed decisions, policies and actions for tackling them (Eppler and Burkhard, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Pandemic vulnerability knowledge visualisation for strategic decision-making: a COVID-19 index for government response in Australia

Yiğitcanlar

Kankanamge

Inkinen

et al. 2021

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PurposeFirst, the key vulnerability factors from the literature are identified. Second, using the vulnerability factors as indicators, a composite index is developed. Last, from the index values, a set of vulnerability knowledge maps, showing the vulnerability hotspots, are prepared.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to develop a pandemic vulnerability knowledge visualisation index to support the strategic decision-making efforts of authorities.FindingsTen indicators are identified as vulnerability factors that could significantly impact the virus spread risks. Verifying the identified hotspots against the recorded infected cases and deaths has evidenced the usefulness of the index. Determining and visualising the high-vulnerability locations and communities could help in informed strategic decision-making and responses of the authorities to the pandemic.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates that the developed pandemic vulnerability knowledge visualisation index is particularly appropriate in the context of Australia. Nonetheless, by replicating the methodologic steps of the study, customised versions can be developed for other country contexts.

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“…Outro estudo, realizado por Almeida et al (2020), destaca que 36% dos municípios brasileiros não dispõem de leitos em hospitais, elemento crucial para enfrentar a pandemia e salvar vidas. Dessa forma, os estados e o Distrito Federal ganham carga de responsabilidade para organizar e disponibilizar leitos no intuito de não sobrecarregar o sistema, tendo em vista as limitações orçamentárias dos entes municipais.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis del gasto público en salud y su impacto en los indicadores de covid-19 en las unidades federativas de Brasil

Lucas,

Gottardi,

Pellini

2023

RLASS

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las políticas públicas de salud, operadas por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), son los principales instrumentos del Estado brasileño en la respuesta a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los recursos destinados a la salud fueron elementos esenciales para asegurar la vida de los brasileños durante la pandemia. OBJETIVO: Verificar cómo los estados y el Distrito Federal ejecutaron sus presupuestos en el año 2020, con énfasis en los gastos en la función salud y, de forma comparativa, comprender si hubo relación entre el gasto per cápita y los indicadores de la COVID -19 pandemia. MÉTODOS: La recopilación de datos relacionados con las muertes por COVID-19 se realizó utilizando información proporcionada por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, y los datos presupuestarios se obtuvieron de la publicación de informes resumidos de ejecución presupuestaria por parte del Tesoro Nacional. RESULTADOS: Algunas Unidades de la Federación mostraron el comportamiento esperado - alto nivel de gasto y baja mortalidad por COVID-19; pero también se comprobó lo contrario. El análisis de regresión no lineal entre el gasto sanitario per cápita y la tasa de letalidad de la COVID-19 explicó el 24,4 % de la variabilidad de los datos. CONCLUSIÓN: El apoyo presupuestario adecuado para medidas de salud en diferentes niveles puede ayudar a reducir alrededor del 25% de la letalidad de COVID-19. Se constató que la relación entre el gasto en salud per cápita y la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 no es uniforme en todos los estados brasileños. Los resultados de este trabajo refuerzan la idea de que existe un monto máximo a gastar por habitante en salud que impacta directamente en las muertes por COVID-19.

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Brazil’s vulnerability to COVID-19 quantified by a spatial metric

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare in Brazil using a balanced float catchment area approach

Geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare in Brazil using a balanced float catchment area approach

Pandemic vulnerability knowledge visualisation for strategic decision-making: a COVID-19 index for government response in Australia

Análisis del gasto público en salud y su impacto en los indicadores de covid-19 en las unidades federativas de Brasil

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