Brazilian Federal District Cocaine Chemical Profiling - Mass Balance Approach and New Adulterant Routinely Quantified (Aminopyrine)

Maldaner, Adriano O.; Botelho, Élvio D.; Zacca, Jorge Jardim; Camargo, Marcos A.; Braga, Jez Willian Batista; Grobério, Tatiane S.

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20150088

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The findings of the Brazilian Federal Police chemical profiling program (PeQui project) showed that in the Federal District phenacetin is the main adulterant in crack/free base cocaine, while levamisole is mainly found in cocaine hydrochloride, both on the streets as well as in international trafficking cocaine seizures. 13,14,25,33 Since both adulterants do not have significant legal use in Brazil, the detection in wastewater could be mainly related to the cocaine use, providing additional indicators about different forms of use (e.g. snorted versus smoked).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Sodré¹,

Souza²,

Feitosa³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A multiresidue method was developed to estimate community drug use during two weekends of the 2014 Soccer World Cup via wastewater analyses. Five of the 16 investigated substances were detected in all eight samples. Benzoilecgonine (BE), the major cocaine metabolite, was the most abundant substance (1.9 ± 0.3 to 4.2 ± 0.2 μg L ). COC and BE levels suggested a human consumption origin for the investigated drugs. AE/BE ratios revealed a significant use of smoked crack/free base cocaine. Relationships between the adulterants PHE and LEV evidenced a higher use of crack cocaine in the South-Wing WWTP region. An estimative for cocaine use revealed slightly higher drug consumption during the Soccer World Cup weekends in comparison with a typical weekend in 2012.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Sodré¹,

Souza²,

Feitosa³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Currently, this method us used as the reference method for cocaine analysis in the Forensic Chemistry Laboratory of the National Institute of Criminalistics in Brasilia [16].…”

Section: Gas Chromatography With Flame Ionization Detection (Gc-fid) mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results shown in Table 6 indicate that samples containing cocaine concentrations above of 11 % (w/w) are suitably handled by the proposed method. This cocaine concentration range (>11 % w/w) incluides the majority of the seizures of the Brazilian Federal Police, which, in general, present a higher purity than the samples seized in the streets [16] Page 19 of 47 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 19 The CI of the final PLSR model was estimated accordingequation (6). As informed in section 2.5, the CI is sample dependent, so that they cannot be expressed by a single value.…”

Section: Insert Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and quantification of cocaine and adulterants in seized drug samples by infrared spectroscopy and PLSR

Grobério

Zacca

Botelho

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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“…[32][33][34][35][36] Our previous experiments revealed that the most common adulterants are levamisole, caffeine, lidocaine, phenacetine, and hydroxyzine. [32][33][34][35][36] Our previous experiments revealed that the most common adulterants are levamisole, caffeine, lidocaine, phenacetine, and hydroxyzine.…”

Section: Validation Of the Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry for cocaine profiling

Liu

Hua

Meng

2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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For the first time in China, the chemical profiling of cocaine specimens was performed at the National Narcotics Laboratory. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 14 cocaine alkaloids and 5 main adulterants. Among them, ecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine, benzoylecgonine, and norcocaine were identified by comparing with the standard materials; tropacocaine, 3,4,5-trimethoxycocaine, cis-/trans-cinnamoylcocaine were tentatively identified based on the exact masses of protonated molecules and product ions; six unidentified alkaloids of 182/1.47, 316/9.54, 659/9.85, 316/9.87, 420/10.34, and 420/10.85 were marked with 'extracted mass/retention time' for convenience. Minimum sample preparation and analysis time were required, which was suitable for routine analysis. Based on the semi-quantitative data set of 14 alkaloid impurities in 131 linked/unlinked cocaine samples, 50 combinations of pretreatment methods and distance/correlation measurements were tested for their potential discrimination power for cocaine profiling, and Logarithm/Pearson exhibited the best result. After hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), 183 cocaine samples collected from 2011 to 2015 were classified into 7 major groups. Moreover, 37 groups of linked samples were found within and between provinces, which provide intelligence for the case connection and revealing of the distribution networks. Our results highlighted the practical utilities of drug profiling, especially to support the investigation through operational intelligence and to improve the knowledge related to the drug trafficking through strategic intelligence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Brazilian Federal District Cocaine Chemical Profiling - Mass Balance Approach and New Adulterant Routinely Quantified (Aminopyrine)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Discrimination and quantification of cocaine and adulterants in seized drug samples by infrared spectroscopy and PLSR

Applicability of ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry for cocaine profiling

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