Brazilian Medical Association guidelines for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of panic disorder

Abstract

Objective: To present the most relevant findings regarding the Brazilian Medical Association guidelines for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of panic disorder. Methods: We used the methodology proposed by the Brazilian Medical Association for the Diretrizes Project. The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS online databases were queried for articles published from 1980 to 2012. Searchable questions were structured using the PICO format (acronym for ''patient'' [or population], ''intervention'' [or exposure], ''comparison'' [or control], and ''outcome''). Results: We present data on clinical manifestations and implications of panic disorder and its association with depression, drug abuse, dependence and anxiety disorders. In addition, discussions were held on the main psychiatric and clinical differential diagnoses. Conclusions: The guidelines are proposed to serve as a reference for the general practitioner and specialist to assist in and facilitate the diagnosis of panic disorder.

The definition of treatment resistance in anxiety disorders: a Delphi method‐based consensus guideline

“…A prerequisite for conducting these clinical trials and mechanistic studies is an international consensus on the definition of TR‐AD, which is currently lacking 17,26 . International guidelines focusing on anxiety disorders do not provide explicit criteria aiding in the identification or treatment of patients with TR‐AD 15,27‐50 , with only two exceptions. First, the Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Anxiety Disorders 51 suggest that patients who “do not respond to first‐ or second‐line agents” (in panic disorder), who “do not respond to several medication trials and/or CBT” (in social anxiety disorder), or who “do not respond to multiple courses of therapy” (in GAD) should be considered treatment‐refractory.…”