Brazilian soybean expansion, US–China trade war, and US soybean exports

Abstract

This paper estimates the impact of Brazilian soybean area expansion on US and Brazilian soybean exports to China by projecting these countries’ exports for various Brazilian soybean area growth scenarios. The results indicate that the Brazilian area expansion does not significantly affect US soybean exports to China but positively impacts Brazil's soybean exports to China. Ex‐post analysis of the impacts of Chinese tariff during the US–China trade war indicates that China significantly diverted its imports from the United States to Brazil. We conclude that the US soybean trade policy should focus on mitigating the adverse effects of import demand changes.

Operational Strategy of Reconfigurable Multi-Effect Evaporation Processes for Bio-Based Amino Acid Production

“…Nevertheless, successful applications of RMS in commercial microbial bioprocesses for animal feed grade amino acids were reported . The application of RMS in animal feed grade amino acids can be effective because of various factors: (1) the market demand is influenced by fluctuations in the prices of carbon , and nitrogen sources, the raw materials for amino acids and proteins, , and competitors of amino acids; (2) technical advancements being made in biotechnology over time , requires modification of the manufacturing processes or operating conditions; (3) unpredictable changes in socio-environmental factors, such as international conflicts, , climate change, and natural disasters, can change market demands; (4) the need for eco-friendly product reducing CO 2 emissions have potential impact on the amino acid market. − …”