This study quantifies the effects of student behavior, teacher attributes, and course characteristics on class attendance and performance. Several notable factors that influence attendance and grades are motivation, prior grade point average (GPA), self-financing by students, hours worked on jobs, quality of teaching, and nature of class lectures. This study provides strong empirical evidence of the positive influence of class attendance on student performance. Copyright 1996, Oxford University Press.
This paper develops an econometric model of stochastic production functions to quantify the impacts of climatic variables on the mean, variance, and covariance of crop yields. The estimates of the production function parameters and their elasticities are utilized to analyse the impacts of the projected climate change on agriculture. The results show that the climate change will have modest effects on the mean crop yields, but will significantly reduce the variance and covariance for most of the crops considered. The results have implications for allocations of agricultural land among crops and for crop production mix.
Urbanization in China has been on a steady rise recently, which has contributed to the changing consumer food preferences and consumption patterns. This carries significant implications for food security in China and the global food trade, given the role China plays on global food markets. This study investigates the effects of urbanization on food demand in China by developing a structural framework that incorporates urbanization into a theory-plausible demand system. It also considers the effects of urbanization-induced loss of agricultural land and deteriorating soil quality on food supply. Modeling the demand and supply components simultaneously allows us to undertake equilibrium analysis to determine prices. Based on the urbanization elasticities derived and estimated in this study, our findings indicate that urbanization has reduced demand for grains and fats, while increasing demand for meats, seafood, fruit, vegetables and eggs.
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