Brazilian Subimperialism

Marini, Ruy Mauro

doi:10.14452/mr-023-09-1972-02_2

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Their position allows these countries to exploit other peripheral markets, in order to try to overcome the contradictions of their own dependent economies, which derive from their relation to the 'core' countries of the capitalist system. Marini (1972Marini ( , 1977 developed his theory with direct reference to the Brazilian case in the 1970s, a time in which the country was expanding its political and economic influence over South America and Africa in order to secure access to markets and raw materials. Brazil's external policy became known as 'antagonistic cooperation' (the coexistence of collaborative links with the USA and the implementation of geopolitical strategies to gain advantages vis-à-vis the US hegemony), a policy which clearly remains in place in Brazil today, and which seems to have been adopted by other BRICS 1 countries as well.…”

Section: Sub-imperialism: the Contribution Of Marxist Dependency Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening Capitalism? A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets

Böhm

Misoczky

Moog

2012

Organization Studies

187

110

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Climate change is increasingly being recognized as a serious threat to dominant modes of social organization, inspiring suggestions that capitalism itself needs to be transformed if we are to 'decarbonize' the global economy. Since the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, carbon markets have emerged as the main politico-economic tools in global efforts to address climate change. Newell and Paterson (2010) have recently claimed that the embrace of carbon markets by financial and political elites constitutes a possible first step towards the transformation of current modes of capitalist organization into a new form of greener, more sustainable 'climate capitalism.' In this paper, we argue that the institutionalization of carbon markets does not, in fact, represent a move towards the radical transformation of capitalism, but is better understood as the most recent expression of ongoing trends of ecological commodification and expropriation, driving familiar processes of uneven and crisis-prone development. In this paper, we review four critical Marxist concepts: metabolic rift (Foster, 1999); capitalism as world ecology (Moore, 2011a); uneven development and accumulation through dispossession (Harvey, 2003(Harvey, , 2006 and sub-imperialism (Marini, 1972, 1977), developing a framework for a Marxist analysis of carbon markets. Our analysis shows that carbon markets form part of a longer historical development of global capitalism and its relation to nature. Carbon markets, we argue, serve as creative new modes of accumulation, but are unlikely to transform capitalist dynamics in ways that might foster a more sustainable global economy. Our analysis also elucidates, in particular, the role that carbon markets play in exacerbating uneven development within the Global South, as elites in emerging economies leverage carbon market financing to pursue new strategies of sub-imperial expansion.

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Section: Sub-imperialism: the Contribution Of Marxist Dependency Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening Capitalism? A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets

Böhm

Misoczky

Moog

2012

Organization Studies

187

110

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“…An early approach was Prebisch (1964). See also Marini (1972), Furtado (1973), andSunkel (1969). 10 The theory is reviewed in greater detail in Lake (1993). induce, or persuade other states into opening their markets to foreign trade and investment (Gilpin 1975(Gilpin , 1977Krasner 1976).…”

Section: Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open economy politics: A critical review

Lake

2009

Rev Int Organ

208

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An emergent paradigm, referred to as Open Economy Politics (OEP), now structures and guides research among many scholars. This essay sketches the general contours of the paradigm. Scientific accumulation is, in my view, the potential and great benefit of a self-conscious understanding of OEP as a single, unifying paradigm. The essay also provides a sympathetic critique of OEP and shows how the paradigm can be extended to capture some of the concerns and insights of other critics. Most important, this critique highlights the role and consequences of certain simplifying assumptions commonly used in OEP and calls for a closer examination of how international institutions and policies structure and change the interests of actors within countries that are now taken as exogenous.

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“…For example, the smaller members of Mercosul, who are dependent on trade with Brazil-Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay-generally had to bear the greatest costs of integration, a fact which became especially visible during the financial crisis of 1998-1999 and the global financial crisis of (Cervo, 2010. In this context, Flynn (2007) drawing on Marini (1972), speaks of a Brazilian sub-imperial attitude; Visentini (2007) speaks of "soft imperialism". Burges (2008Burges ( , 2009) understands the way that Brazil exercises its power as consensual hegemony, according to which Brazil attempts to gain acceptance for its regional leadership through incentives rather than through force.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazil’s Foreign Policy: Between Self-Determination and Dependency

Fontaine

2016

The Political System of Brazil

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Dana de la Fontaine investigates the continuities and ruptures in Brazilian foreign policy since the 1980s. On the basis of a historical analysis, she states that Brazil has always been in a conflictive relationship between its external dependence and the search for international autonomy. Since the development of modern Brazilian foreign policy in the 1930s, through its cooperation with, as well as its opposition to, the United States, the country was trying to establish itself as a sovereign power in South America and pursue its ambition of becoming a superpower at the international level. The transition to democracy in the 1980s marks the strengthening of a liberal foreign policy, which had reached its peak under Cardoso, before it diversified under Lula and Rousseff. It remains to be seen whether the relationship with China, promoted by Lula as an alternative international partner to the USA and the EU, will create new room for maneuver or rather mark the beginning of new dependencies.

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Brazilian Subimperialism

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Greening Capitalism? A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets

Greening Capitalism? A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets

Open economy politics: A critical review

Brazil’s Foreign Policy: Between Self-Determination and Dependency

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