Breakage and Coalescence Processes in an Agitated Dispersion. Experimental System and Data Reduction

Verhoff, F. H.; Ross, Seymour L.; Curl, Rane L.

doi:10.1021/i160063a012

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Drop stabilization methods rely on immediate stabilization of drops or bubbles within polymer films. A photomicrograph is then used to measure the size distribution (76)(77)(78). Capillary methods employ a fine bore capillary having a diameter on the order of droplet sizes for sampling from the dispersion in the vessel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor Design Issues for Synthesis‐Gas Fermentations

Bredwell

Srivastava

Worden³

1999

Biotechnology Progress

237

168

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Synthesis gas is readily obtained by gasifying coal, oil, biomass, or waste organics and represents an abundant, potentially inexpensive, feedstock for bioprocessing. The primary components of synthesis gas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, can be converted into methane, organic acids, and alcohols via anaerobic fermentations. Bioconversion of synthesis gas is an attractive alternative to catalytic processing because the biological catalysts are highly specific and often more tolerant of sulfur contaminants than inorganic catalysts. However, because the aqueous solubilities of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are low, synthesis-gas fermentations are typically limited by the rate of gas-to-liquid mass transfer. Consequently, a major engineering challenge in commercial development of synthesis-gas fermentations is to provide sufficient gas mass transfer in an energy-efficient manner. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of synthesis-gas fermentations, with emphasis on efforts to increase the efficiency of gas mass transfer. Metabolic properties of several microbes able to ferment synthesis gas are described. Results of synthesis-gas fermentations conducted in various bioreactor configurations are summarized. Recent results showing enhancement of synthesis-gas fermentations using microbubble dispersions are presented, and studies of the mass-transfer and coalescence properties of microbubbles are described.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor Design Issues for Synthesis‐Gas Fermentations

Bredwell

Srivastava

Worden³

1999

Biotechnology Progress

237

168

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“…The appropriate valué of m can only be determined if experimental data is available. Hsia and Tavlarides (1983) found that the truncated normal model proposed by Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) was unable to predict the results obtained by Ross (1971), Verhoff et al (1977), and Ross et al (1978). Consequently, they modified the earlier work, assuming binary break-up and a beta distribution, rather than the truncated normal distribution.…”

Section: Statistical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A review of statistical models for the break-up of an immiscible fluid immersed into a fully developed turbulent flow

Lasheras

Eastwood

Martı́nez-Bazán

et al. 2002

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

210

180

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We consider the statistical description of the break-up of an immiscible fluid lump immersed into a fully developed turbulent flow. We focus on systems where there is no relative velocity between the continuous and dispersed phases. In this case, particle fragmentation is caused only by turbulent velocity fluctuations. The most relevant models proposed for the particle break-up frequency and for the shape of the daughter particle size distribution are reviewed. Their predictions are compared to recent experimental data, obtained for the break-up of an air cavity immersed into a high Reynolds number, turbulent water jet. Models based on purely kinematic arguments show the best agreement with the experimental data.

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“…This method also has disadvantages of influence of the chemical treatment on drop size. Verhoff et al (1969Verhoff et al ( , 1977 developed a special sampling apparatus that was used to withdraw a sample of dispersed phase from the mixing vessel, to stabilize drops with a surfactant and to force the dispersed sample through a capillary with a photometer assembly to measure both size and dye concentrations of drops. Their technique was applied to the system of a nontransferring, nonsurface-active and nonreactive dye present only in the dispersed phase for their mixing experiments.…”

Section: Previous Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

A laser capillary spectrophotometric technique (LCS), based on the method of Verhoff et al (1969Verhoff et al ( , 1977, is developed for the rapid and accurate determination of the bivariate drop size-concentration distribution for reactive liquid-liquid dispersions. The method employs a precision bore capillary, through which a sample is drawn from the mixing vessel by a vacuum pump.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser capillary spectrophotometry for drop‐size concentration measurements

Bae

Tavlarides

1989

AIChE Journal

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A laser capillary spectrophotometric technique (LCS), based on the method of Verhoff et al. (1969Verhoff et al. ( , 1977, is developed for the rapid and accurate determination of the bivariate drop size-concentration distribution for reactive liquid-liquid dispersions. The method employs a precision bore capillary, through which a sample is drawn from the mixing vessel by a vacuum pump. An appropriate light source is used to distinguish between the slugs of dispersed phase and continuous phase as the sample passes by two detection points in the capillary. The optical device is designed to measure drop size by the difference of light refraction between the two phases and drop concentration by the light absorbance of the organic phase in the drop. The new technique can automatically measure drop-size and drop-concentration distributions of thousands of drops within a few minutes. This technique can provide important information on the state of a reactive dispersion in situ and can provide information on the influence of dispersed-phase mixing effects on mass transfer and/ or reactions in liquid-liquid dispersions. Further, the LCS technique provides the capability for on-line monitoring and control of units processing liquid dispersions.

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Breakage and Coalescence Processes in an Agitated Dispersion. Experimental System and Data Reduction

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Reactor Design Issues for Synthesis‐Gas Fermentations

Reactor Design Issues for Synthesis‐Gas Fermentations

A review of statistical models for the break-up of an immiscible fluid immersed into a fully developed turbulent flow

Laser capillary spectrophotometry for drop‐size concentration measurements

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