Breakage of Seed Dormancy of Field Pennycress (<i>Thlaspi arvense</i>) by Growth Regulators, Nitrate, and Environmental Factors

Saini, Harvinder Singh; Bassi, Pawan K.; Goudey, J. Stephen; Spencer, Margaret Beale

doi:10.1017/s0043174500079376

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is also possible, however, that an increase in respiration rate is just one of the earliest and more easily measured changes in metabolic activity induced by the osmotic effect of the nitrate on water up-take. The well-established correlation between increases in respiration rate and tissue hydration during seed imbibition is consistent with this hypothesis, A comparison of the effect of various nitrate salts on the germination of Thiaspi arven.se (Saini et al, 1987) showed that germination was induced by the nitrate ion, and that the associated cation had little or no effect. This conclusion agreed with similar germination studies on A. fatua (Sharma et al, 1976) and other species (Roberts and Smith 1977), and was consistent with the observation that, while KNO-, induced 100% germination, an equimolar solution of KCI had no promotive effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Seed dormancy in Avena fatua: Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury

McIntyre¹,

Cessna²,

Hsiao³

1996

Physiologia Plantarum

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1996, Seed dormancy in Avenafatua:Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury -Physioi. Plant. 97;[291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302] In experiments conducted under controlled conditions, KNO, (50 or 100 mM) promoted sermination of a dormant strain (AN 474) of Avena fatua when either one or two hofes were pierced in the lower (adaxial) surface of the caryopsis in contact with the nitrate solution. Germination was increased by increasing either the KNO, concentration or the number of holes in the seed coat, fhe germination response induced by the application of water to a hole pierced in the upper surface of the caryopsis was increased by pre-treatment of the intact caryopsis with KNO,, Treatment with either 50 or 100 mM KNO3 caused a transient reduction in embryo water content of intact caryopses, but increased the nitrate and amino-N content of pierced carj'opses prior to germination. Supplying a 100 mM solution of KNO5 to pierced caryopses reduced the total water potential and osmotic potential of the embryo, and increased its pressure potential by the same amount as an equimolar solution of KCI; however, while both treatments promoted germination, Ihe KNO3 induced more rapid germination than the KGl. Both treatments also increased the K" content of the embrj-o, the KNO3 again having the greater effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis, based on our previous investigations, that KNO3 promotes germination of donnant caryopses by accumulating in the embryo whene it acts osmotically to increase water uptake. It is also postulated that, in contrast to KCI, KNO, may combine an osmotic effect on water uptake with a nutritional effect on protein synthesis,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Seed dormancy in Avena fatua: Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury

McIntyre¹,

Cessna²,

Hsiao³

1996

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…However, earlier maturing varieties are needed to ensure that pennycress can be harvested early, allowing for full-season soybean production. Seed dormancy also is an issue, 25 , 26 as is common in many weed species; we have observed highly variable germination rates in preliminary field trials. Pennycress oil and protein meal are not currently suitable for animal or human consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

A draft genome of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) provides tools for the domestication of a new winter biofuel crop

et al. 2015

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Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is being domesticated as a new winter cover crop and biofuel species for the Midwestern United States that can be double-cropped between corn and soybeans. A genome sequence will enable the use of new technologies to make improvements in pennycress. To generate a draft genome, a hybrid sequencing approach was used to generate 47 Gb of DNA sequencing reads from both the Illumina and PacBio platforms. These reads were used to assemble 6,768 genomic scaffolds. The draft genome was annotated using the MAKER pipeline, which identified 27,390 predicted protein-coding genes, with almost all of these predicted peptides having significant sequence similarity to Arabidopsis proteins. A comprehensive analysis of pennycress gene homologues involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport pathways revealed high sequence conservation compared with other Brassicaceae species, and helps validate the assembly of the pennycress gene space in this draft genome. Additional comparative genomic analyses indicate that the knowledge gained from years of basic Brassicaceae research will serve as a powerful tool for identifying gene targets whose manipulation can be predicted to result in improvements for pennycress.

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“…Other studies on the dormancy of freshly matured field pennycress have reported conflicting results (NAPPO 2003). Field pennycress dormancy was broken by a period of cooling (12 C) followed by a transfer to a warmer temperature (22 C), or by a combination of temperature fluctuations, light, nitrate, and growth regulators (Saini et al 1987). Canadian researchers reported no seed dormancy in plants grown in a glasshouse, whereas seed from field-grown plants were mostly dormant (Hume 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), Common Chickweed (Stellaria media), Shepherd's-Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense): Fecundity, Seed Dispersal, Dormancy, and Emergence

2014

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Winter annual weeds protect the soil from erosion and retain nutrients during the winter; however, they can also act as a host for crop pests and pathogens and impede planting. Increased knowledge of the reproductive biology and the seed fate of winter annuals would be useful to improve management and crop productivity. The objectives of this research were to determine the recruitment biology of shepherd's-purse, henbit, common chickweed, and field pennycress, including seed production, dispersal, dormancy, and seedling emergence, based on growing degree days (GDD). Henbit was the least prolific of the four weeds studied, producing 800 to 40,000 seeds m−2at naturally occurring densities; shepherd's-purse was the most prolific, producing 11,000 to 400,000 seeds m−2with 40 to 230 plants m−2. Fifty percent seed rain occurred for henbit, common chickweed, shepherd's-purse, and field pennycress at 620, 790, 880, and 1300 GDDBase,0C, respectively. Overall, seeds were dormant for all species at the time of dispersal. In 2 of 3 yr, dormancy of later-dispersed common chickweed decreased after 6 mo of storage at natural, fluctuating temperatures in the absence of water. The emergence patterns of the four species followed the Gompertz equation and were indicative of facultative winter annuals. The emergence patterns by rate were similar between henbit and common chickweed and between shepherd's-purse and field pennycress. Seed production, dispersal, dormancy, and seedling emergence were influenced by moisture; therefore, including a precipitation or soil moisture component into a GDD model (such as the use of hydrothermal time) would improve the accuracy of predicting winter annual reproduction, seed fate, and emergence.

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Breakage of Seed Dormancy of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) by Growth Regulators, Nitrate, and Environmental Factors

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Seed dormancy in Avena fatua: Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury

Seed dormancy in Avena fatua: Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury

A draft genome of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) provides tools for the domestication of a new winter biofuel crop

Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), Common Chickweed (Stellaria media), Shepherd's-Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense): Fecundity, Seed Dispersal, Dormancy, and Emergence

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