Breakdown in Correlations During Laboratory Evolution. I. Comparative Analyses of Drosophila Populations

Phelan, John P.; Archer, Margaret A.; Beckman, Kelly A.; Chippindale, Adam K.; Nusbaum, Theodore J.; Rose, Michael R.

doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0527:bicdle]2.0.co;2

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Again, this is consistent with the existence of more than one solution for how to cope with starvation conditions. This parallels the interpretations of other authors working on longevity (Harshman et al 1999a;Arking et al 2000;Archer et al 2003;Phelan et al 2003). However, these latter conclusions were based on longer periods after selection.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In pursuit of the validity of this latter theory, reproduction late in life was found to increase longevity considerably (Rose 1984). However, the correlated responses to selection can disappear when selection is either relaxed for longevity (Vermeulen and Bijlsma 2006), or continued over long periods in the case of correlations between starvation resistance and longevity Phelan et al 2003). The reasons for this can be diverse and may include genotype-by-environment effects and changed selection regimes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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MULTITRAIT EVOLUTION IN LINES OFDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERSELECTED FOR INCREASED STARVATION RESISTANCE: THE ROLE OF METABOLIC RATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LONGEVITY

2006

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Abstract. Starvation resistance is a trait often associated with longevity. Animals with increased longevity frequently show elevated starvation resistance and vice versa. Consequently, both life-history traits are thought to share genetic and physiological mechanisms, such as increased fat content and lowered metabolic rate. Here, we present results from 20 generations of selection on Drosophila melanogaster for increased starvation resistance at the time of adult eclosion. We observe that starvation resistance can be the result of more than one mechanism, all associated with an increase in fat resources. In general, metabolic rate is lowered under starved conditions relative to fed conditions. Metabolic rate in the starvation resistant lines is generally higher than in control lines under starved conditions. Starvation resistant flies are able to sustain a higher metabolic rate for a longer period of time when food is unavailable. This implies depletion of the increased fat reserves. However, longevity was not consistently affected by selection for increased starvation resistance. Similarly, paraquat resistance differed between selection lines and did not associate with starvation resistance, but rather with longevity. The results are discussed in relation to previous reported results on starvation resistance and its relation with mechanisms of aging and longevity. Increased stress resistance is often observed in Drosophila melanogaster lines selected for increased longevity (Service et al. 1985;Service 1987;Leroi et al. 1994;Force et al. 1995;Harshman et al. 1999a), in mutants (Lin et al. 1998), and in phenotypic manipulation experiments (e.g., Zwaan et al. 1991;Bouletreau-Merle and Fouillet 2002). This association also holds in other species such as mice and nematodes (Longo and Fabrizio 2002). Similarly, selection for increased adult starvation resistance has been shown to increase longevity (Rose et al. 1992;Chippindale et al. 1996; but see Bubliy and Loeschcke 2005). Selection on shorter longevity also results in decreased starvation resistance (Zwaan et al. 1995a). These results strongly suggest that starvation resistance shares, at least in part, genetic regulatory mechanisms with longevity. Moreover, the selection experiments indicate the presence of standing genetic (co)variation in natural populations. There are strong positive correlations between starvation resistance and longevity as opposed to the negative correlations both traits display with reproductive output. This indicates the presence of a trade-off between maintenance and reproduction, or between the soma and the germ line as has been proposed in the disposable soma theory (Kirkwood 1977;Kirkwood and Holliday 1979). This theory overlaps with the theory of antagonistic pleiotropy (Williams 1957), in which advantages of early life traits are considered to be disadvantageous later in life (Kirkwood and Rose 1991). In pursuit of the validity of this latter theory, reproduction late in life was found to increase longevity considerably (Rose 19...

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Section: Principal Component Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MULTITRAIT EVOLUTION IN LINES OFDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERSELECTED FOR INCREASED STARVATION RESISTANCE: THE ROLE OF METABOLIC RATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LONGEVITY

2006

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“…On the other hand there was an increase in egg size in the Short Larval Time line. These contradictory results allow no firm conclusions about the genetic correlation between development time and egg size; it appears to depend on the specific selection regime or its longer-term stability (note the considerable difference in selection history between egg size and development time lines, see Materials and methods; see also Phelan et al, 2003). However, the fact that genetic correlations may break down given enough time does not explain why there is at least a trend towards the expected direction in the older Short and Long Larval Time lines, but not in the much younger Large and Small Egg Size lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realized correlated responses to artificial selection on pre-adult life-history traits in a butterfly

2006

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We use artificial selection experiments targeted on egg size, development time or pupal mass within a single butterfly population followed by a common-garden experiment to explore the interactions among these life-history traits. Relationships were predicted to be negative between egg size and development time, but to be positive between development time and body size and between egg size and body size. Correlated responses to selection were in part inconsistent with these predictions. Although there was evidence for a positive genetic correlation between egg and body size, there was no support for genetic correlations between larval development time and either egg size or pupal mass. Phenotypic correlations among the three target traits of selection gave comparable results for the relationships between egg mass and development time (no association) as well as between egg mass and pupal mass (positive association), but not for the relation between development time and pupal mass (negative phenotypic correlation). In summary, correlated responses to selection as well as phenotypic correlations were rather unpredictable. The impact of variation in acquisition and allocation of energy as well as of the benign conditions used deserve further investigation. Heredity (2007) 98, 157-164.

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“…When r MF is high, sexual selection on a trait in males (i.e., a sexual trait that functions in competition for mates) will affect the phenotypic means of both sexes, and this process will continue until net selection on males is balanced by opposing viability selection on females, with neither sex at its phenotypic optimum. Although Lande treated r MF as a constant, it is clear that genetic correlations can evolve under selection (Cheverud 1984;Archer et al 2003;Phelan et al 2003). By showing that r MF impedes the evolution of sexual dimorphism, the work of Lande and Fisher establishes r MF as a target of selection on genetic architecture (i.e., the genetic basis of the mapping between genotype and phenotype) of traits subject to intralocus sexual conflict.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intralocus Sexual Conflict and the Genetic Architecture of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Prochyliza Xanthostoma (Diptera: Piophilidae)

2005

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Abstract. Because homologous traits of males and females are likely to have a common genetic basis, sex-specific selection (often resulting from sexual selection on one sex) may generate an evolutionary tug-of-war known as intralocus sexual conflict, which will constrain the adaptive divergence of the sexes. Theory suggests that intralocus sexual conflict can be mitigated through reduction of the intersexual genetic correlation (r MF ), predicting negative covariation between r MF and sexual dimorphism. In addition, recent work showed that selection should favor reduced expression of alleles inherited from the opposite-sex parent (intersexual inheritance) in traits subject to intralocus sexual conflict. For traits under sexual selection in males, this should be manifested either in reduced maternal heritability or, when conflict is severe, in reduced heritability through the opposite-sex parent in offspring of both sexes. However, because we do not know how far these hypothesized evolutionary responses can actually proceed, the importance of intralocus sexual conflict as a long-term constraint on adaptive evolution remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of sexual and nonsexual morphological traits in Prochyliza xanthostoma. The lowest r MF and greatest dimorphism were exhibited by two sexual traits (head length and antenna length) and, among all traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was correlated negatively with r MF . Moreover, sexual traits exhibited reduced maternal heritabilities, and the most strongly dimorphic sexual trait (antenna length) was heritable only through the same-sex parent in offspring of both sexes. Our results support theory and suggest that intralocus sexual conflict can be resolved substantially by genomic adaptation. Further work is required to identify the proximate mechanisms underlying these patterns.

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Breakdown in Correlations During Laboratory Evolution. I. Comparative Analyses of Drosophila Populations

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

MULTITRAIT EVOLUTION IN LINES OFDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERSELECTED FOR INCREASED STARVATION RESISTANCE: THE ROLE OF METABOLIC RATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LONGEVITY

MULTITRAIT EVOLUTION IN LINES OFDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERSELECTED FOR INCREASED STARVATION RESISTANCE: THE ROLE OF METABOLIC RATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LONGEVITY

Realized correlated responses to artificial selection on pre-adult life-history traits in a butterfly

Intralocus Sexual Conflict and the Genetic Architecture of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Prochyliza Xanthostoma (Diptera: Piophilidae)

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