Breakdown of Timber by Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti

Savory, J. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1954.tb01126.x

Cited by 161 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This distinctive mode of attack was described in the mid-19th Century by Schacht (1863) and was elucidated by Savory (1954), who proposed the term soft rot. Discrete notches of cellwall erosion by hyphae lying within the lumina, in addition to cavities formed by hyphae within the cell wall, are also frequently found in wood degraded by soft rot fungi.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus

Schwarze

Fink

1998

New Phytologist

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Wood degradation by the white-rot basidiomycete Meripilus giganteus (Pers. : Pers.) Karst. was studied in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). Semi-thin sections revealed that the secondary walls of most fibres contained internal cavities. Three distinct types of cavity formation, which differed not only between hosts, but also between cell type and location in the annual ring, were identified.Within discoloured wood of naturally infected beech, the structure of the cavities and their formation by the associated hyphae were reminiscent of a soft-rot. By contrast, cavity formation in artificially inoculated beech and large-leaved lime wood differed from a soft-rot mode of attack as extensive delignification always preceded cavity formation, and neither T-branching, L-bending, nor hyphal growth were found within cell walls. The formation of half-moon shaped cavities in beech wood was present only in tension-wood fibres. From large diameter hyphae, growing within the fibre lumen, numerous fine perforation hyphae extended transversely via helical cracks into the cell wall. Subsequent degradation of cellulose within concentric layers of the tension-wood fibres commenced from the apices of perforation hyphae.Sections stained with ruthenium red and hydroxlamine-ferric chloride, revealed that M. giganteus preferentially degrades pectin-rich regions of the middle lamellae in xylary ray cells. In large-leaved lime, such regions were uniformly located in the middle lamellae of axial and ray parenchyma. In beech wood, degradation of pectin-rich middle lamellae regions commenced after the delignification of secondary walls and resulted in a conspicuous hollowing of multiseriate xylem rays. Plasticity in wood degradation modes by M. giganteus in large-leaved lime and beech wood reflects variations in cell wall structure and\or prevailing wood conditions.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus

Schwarze

Fink

1998

New Phytologist

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“…The term soft rot was first coined by Savoy (1954) to describe a type of wood decay initiated by fungi imperfecti and Ascomycetes in moist (e.g., ground contact) and aquatic environments. Soft rot decay is divided into two groups, type 1 and type 2, where type 1 results in the development of cavities in the secondary walls of wood fibres (primarily the S2 layer), and type 2 results in the erosion of the wood cell wall outward from the cell lumen (Daniel 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the bore hyphae also penetrate the cell lumens of adjacent fibres, while others penetrate within the S2 cell wall, causing Tbranching/L-bending, and they orientate themselves along the direction of the cellulose microfibrils. Here they cause the characteristic and destructive cavities that reduce the strength of the fibres and wood (Savoy 1954;Nilsson 1973;Daniel and Nilsson 1988, 1989Eaton and Hale 1993). Soft rot type 2 is rare in softwoods and results in uniform thinning of the cell wall from the cell lumen (Daniel and Nilsson 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Strength in Biologically Degraded Thermally Modified Wood

Råberg¹,

Daniel²,

Terzıev³

2012

BioResources

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The durability of thermally modified (TM) and untreated (UT) mini-stakes exposed to in-ground contact was compared by modulus of elasticity (MOE) and mass loss with decay type using microscopy. Results showed a strong correlation between MOE and soft rot decay for UT stakes over a 30 month exposure period. For TM stakes, the correlation between MOE and decay rate (soft rot/bacteria) was not as strong. Loss of MOE of the TM stakes is suggested to be accentuated by the extensive micro-checking produced in the TM wood tracheids during the original heat treatment. The micro-checks are thought to expand during the winter season due to water expansion during freezing, thereby leading to weakening of the wood in addition to the decay caused by soft rot and bacteria. Using molecular methods, Phialophora hoffmannii was identified as the main fungus causing soft rot decay.

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“…This type of decay is prevalent where wood is exposed to wet conditions, such as submerged wood in marine and freshwater habitats (Jones 1972, Bucher et al 2004a, water cooling towers (Findlay & Savory 1950, Savory 1954a, archeological timbers (Jones & Jones 1993), and terrestrial environments (Duncan 1960). The term 'soft rot' was coined by Savory (1954a, b) for fungi that caused decay of the secondary wood cell wall layers.…”

Section: Soft Rot Decay Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycosphere Essays 12. Progress in the classification of the watercooling tower ascomycete Savoryella and a tribute to John Savory: a review

Jones¹

2016

Mycosphere

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Jones EBG, To-anun C, Suetrong S, Boonyuen N 2016 -Mycosphere Essays 12. Progress in the classification of the water-cooling tower ascomycete Savoryella and a tribute to John Savory: a review. Mycosphere 7(5), 570-581, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/5/4 AbstractThe genus Savoryella belongs in the family Savoryellaceae (Savoryellales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes) and its species have a worldwide distribution. A natural classification was not possible when the genus was introduced, since it predated molecular phylogenetic studies; therefore morphology-based descriptions only were provided. In this review we discuss the history and significance of the genus, illustrate its morphology and discuss its role in the colonization and biodeterioration of lignocellulosic materials. Molecular analyses of SSU, LSU and RPB2 sequence data placed the genus in the Hypocreomycetidae with high support and resulted in the introduction of the order Savoryellales. The role of Savoryella in the soft rot decay of wood is also discussed.

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Breakdown of Timber by Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti

Cited by 161 publications

References 6 publications

Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus

Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus

Loss of Strength in Biologically Degraded Thermally Modified Wood

Mycosphere Essays 12. Progress in the classification of the watercooling tower ascomycete Savoryella and a tribute to John Savory: a review

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