Breaking the silence surrounding rape

Ramsay, Sarah

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00455-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Sexual crimes by renegade soldiers in the area may not represent a concerted political effort as much as random acts of violence by assailants in positions of power over their victims. Similarly, it has been suggested during the Rwandan conflict that for many perpetrators, rape was another form of delinquency, like theft or looting [5]. Furthermore, a significant proportion of sexual assaults in the DRC involve non-military perpetrators, such as the police and civilians [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some cases of rape reportedly occur in full, deliberate and enforced view of husbands and family members [1]. Indeed, rape has been used throughout history as a weapon of war [5], most memorably in recent conflicts in Bosnia [6] and Rwanda [5]. Sexual violence committed during these conflicts has been recognized as systematic and politically-motivated: sexual assault was declared a crime against humanity by International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (1996), and an act of genocide by the International Tribunal for Rwanda (1998) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Violence toward Children and Youth in War-Torn Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe epidemic of gender-based violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has garnered popular media attention, but is incompletely described in the medical literature to date. In particular, the relative importance of militarized compared to civilian rape and the impact on vulnerable populations merits further study. We describe a retrospective case series of sexual abuse among children and youth in eastern DRC.MethodsMedical records of patients treated for sexual assault at HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, DRC between 2006 and 2008 were reviewed. Information extracted from the chart record was summarized using descriptive statistics, with comparative statistics to examine differences between pediatric (≤18 yrs) and adult patients.Findings440 pediatric and 54 adult sexual abuse cases were identified. Children and youth were more often assaulted by someone known to the family (74% vs 30%, OR 6.7 [95%CI 3.6–12], p<0.001), and less frequently by military personnel (13% vs 48%, OR 0.14 [95%CI 0.075–0.26], p<0.001). Delayed presentation for medical care (>72 hours after the assault) was more common in pediatric patients (53% vs 33%, OR 2.2 [95%CI 1.2–4.0], p = 0.007). Physical signs of sexual abuse, including lesions of the posterior fourchette, hymeneal tears, and anal lesions, were more commonly observed in children and youth (84% vs 69%, OR 2.3 [95%CI 1.3–4.4], p = 0.006). Nine (2.9%) pediatrics patients were HIV-positive at presentation, compared to 5.3% of adults (p = 0.34).InterpretationWorld media attention has focused on violent rape as a weapon of war in the DRC. Our data highlight some neglected but important and distinct aspects of the ongoing epidemic of sexual violence: sexual abuse of children and youth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence toward Children and Youth in War-Torn Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

et al. 2011

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“…El lugar donde se consuma el hecho es, en casos de menores de edad, con mayor frecuencia la residencia de la víctima o del agresor [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterización de los casos de violencia sexual atendidos en dos instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del municipio de Palmira-Valle Del Cauca, Colombia.

Salcedo-Cifuentes

Pino

Cortes³

2018

Rev. Médica Risaralda

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ResumenIntroducción: la violencia sexual es un problema de salud pública que afecta especialmente a menores, adolescentes y mujeres. Muchos de estos casos son atendidos en servicios de salud y no son conocidos por los operadores de justicia.Objetivo: caracterizar los casos de presuntas víctimas de delito sexual atendidas en los servicios de urgencias de dos instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de mediana y alta complejidad del municipio de PalmiraValle del Cauca entre el 2012 y el 2015.Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, realizado con el total de los casos atendidos en dos instituciones de salud durante el periodo de estudio. A las variables cuantitativas se les calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión; a las variables cualitativas, se les calcularon proporciones y razones. Se uso la prueba chi2 para explorar diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p≤0,05) entre las variables.Resultados: un total de 40 casos fueron identificados durante el periodo de estudio, el 95% fueron mujeres, 65% menores de edad. En el 70% de los casos la víctima conocía a su agresor; 50% se consumaron en la residencia de la víctima o el agresor. El uso de la fuerza, la amenaza, el chantaje y el engaño, fueron las principales formas de abordaje e inducción al silencio empleadas por el agresor.Conclusiones: las características de los eventos contra la libertad, integridad y formación sexual en las dos instituciones, son persistentes y comparables con estudios en otros países. La mayoría de las víctimas son mujeres y adolescentes de bajos estratos socioeconómicos, usuarias del sistema de salud subsidiado, cuyo agresor era alguien conocido. Palabras Claves: delitos sexuales, Violencia contra la mujer, Salud Sexual, Acoso sexual. Copyright © Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. 1995-2017. Todos los derechos reservados ® Characterization of sexual violence treated at two provider of health care institutions of the municipality of Palmira-Valle Del Cauca, Colombia. Abstract Introduction: sexual violence is a public health problem that affects especially to children, adolescents and women. Many of these cases are treated in health services and are not known by justice office.Objective: to characterize the alleged victims of sexual crime treated in the emergency department of two institutions providing health services in medium and high complexity in the municipality of Palmira-Valle del Cauca in 2012-2015. Materials and Methods:we conducted a prevalence, retrospective study performed in the total of the cases attended in two institutions that provide health services during the study period. Quantitative variables were measured with central tendency and dispersion, for qualitative variables proportions and reasons were calculated as well. The chi2 test was used to explore differences between variables.Results: 40 cases were included, 95% were women and 65% children. In 70% of cases the perpetrator was known by the victim and 72.5% of cases occurred at victim's residence. The ...

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Treating Psychological Trauma in First Responders: A Multi-Modal Paradigm

Flannery

2014

Psychiatr Q

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Responding to critical incidents may result in 5.9-22% of first responders developing psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. These impacts may be physical, mental, and/or behavioral. This population remains at risk, given the daily occurrence of critical incidents. Current treatments, primarily focused on combat and rape victims, have included single and double interventions, which have proven helpful to some but not all victims and one standard of care has remained elusive. However, even though the need is established, research on the treatment interventions of first responders has been limited. Given the multiplicity of impacts from psychological trauma and the inadequacies of responder treatment intervention research thus far, this paper proposes a paradigmatic shift from single/double treatment interventions to a multi-modal approach to first responder victim needs. A conceptual framework based on psychological trauma is presented and possible multi-modal interventions selected from the limited, extant first responder research are utilized to illustrate how the approach would work and to encourage clinical and experimental research into first responder treatment needs.

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Breaking the silence surrounding rape

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Sexual Violence toward Children and Youth in War-Torn Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Sexual Violence toward Children and Youth in War-Torn Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Caracterización de los casos de violencia sexual atendidos en dos instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del municipio de Palmira-Valle Del Cauca, Colombia.

Treating Psychological Trauma in First Responders: A Multi-Modal Paradigm

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