Breastfeeding and risk of parasitic infection-a review

Kutty, Prameela Kannan

doi:10.12980/apjtb.4.201414b355

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Hence, one may speculate that in infants living in São Tomé, the continuous exposure to enteric parasites may have induced an immune response capable of preventing clinical illness but not intestinal colonization [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. In addition, the high proportion of exclusively breastfeed infants in our cohort may have played a role in protecting against more severe forms of diarrhea or even diarrhea at all [ 35 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical Enteric Parasitic Infections and Growth Faltering in Infants in São Tomé, Africa: A Birth Cohort Study

Garzón

Pereira‐da‐Silva

Seixas

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The associations between enteric pathogenic parasites and growth in infants in São Tomé were explored using a refined anthropometric approach to recognize early growth faltering. A birth cohort study was conducted with follow-up to 24 months of age. Microscopic examination for protozoa and soil-transmitted helminths was performed. Anthropometric assessments included: z-scores for weight-for-length (WLZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight (WAVZ) and length velocities (LAVZ), length-for-age difference (LAD), and wasting and stunting risk (≤−1 SD). Generalized additive mixed effects regression models were used to explore the associations between anthropometric parameters and enteric parasitic infections and cofactors. A total of 475 infants were enrolled, and 282 completed the study. The great majority of infants were asymptomatic. Giardia lamblia was detected in 35.1% of infants in at least one stool sample, helminths in 30.4%, and Cryptosporidium spp. in 14.7%. Giardia lamblia and helminth infections were significantly associated with mean decreases of 0.10 in LAZ and 0.32 in LAD, and of 0.16 in LAZ and 0.48 in LAD, respectively. Cryptosporidium spp. infection was significantly associated with a mean decrease of 0.43 in WAVZ and 0.55 in LAVZ. The underestimated association between subclinical parasitic enteric infections and mild growth faltering in infants should be addressed in public health policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical Enteric Parasitic Infections and Growth Faltering in Infants in São Tomé, Africa: A Birth Cohort Study

Garzón

Pereira‐da‐Silva

Seixas

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Other components that appear to play an equally important role are oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids [29], haptocorrin, lactoperoxidase, α-lactalbumin, bile salt-stimulated lipase, β-casein, and tumour growth factors [25,30]. A review by Peterson et al emphasized on the protective mechanisms of breastmilk's glycoconjugates, with a particular focus on the glycan moieties playing a role in protection against various diseases [29].…”

Section: Breastmilk Components Empower Infant Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nerve Growth Factor, Insulinlike Growth Factor, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and Fibroblast Growth Factor Hypothesised non-specific anti-parasitic protection [30].…”

Section: Other Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Breastfeeding as a Tool that Empowers Infant Immunity through Maternal Vaccination

Alasil¹

2015

J Vaccines Vaccin

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The dawn of maternal vaccination is an important milestone in breastmilk immunity. Breastmilk per se has immunopotential that protects the infant from important childhood diseases both in the immediate neonatal period and in the long term. Its immune nutritive attributes confer this exclusive early nourishment a cutting edge in defence that no other human nutrient can yet offer. Evidence that breastmilk is important in maturing the naiveté immune system and its potential to differentiate commensal and pathogenic microbes as well as its antimicrobial action are briefly reviewed. The vulnerability of the neonatal period to diseases and the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance to pathogens must prompt us to continue to seek avenues through which primary disease preventive strategies can be emphasized and indeed improved. The advent of maternal vaccination has made it necessary that review and much research are both needed for elucidating the enrichment of the immune potential in breastmilk and how, because of it, some focused protective immunological responses may be triggered by further empowering the immunological potential of breastmilk constituents.. Primary disease prevention is achieved both by breastfeeding and by vaccination. We review here how the usefulness of breastfeeding and maternal vaccination may further empower breastmilk immunology.

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“…Anti- Giardia factors in breast milk prevent the attachment of trophozoites and establishment of infection in the intestinal epithelium of the infant. Further, in developing countries high titers of anti- Giardia secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) in breast milk due to maternal exposure protect the infant from symptomatic infections thus helping in acquiring active immunity without overt presentations (6). However, in this case, high burden of parasites might have been responsible for the symptoms in the breastfed infants.…”

Section: Dear Editor-in-chiefmentioning

confidence: 99%