“…Nonpharmacologic methods that are commonly used to reduce the effects of invasive procedures in newborns include breastfeeding (Obeidat & Shuriquie, 2015;Pillai Ridell, et al, 2015;Harrison et al, 2016;Okan et al, 2010;Yilmaz & Arikan, 2011;Shah, Herbozo, Aliwalas, & Shah, 2012;Uga et al, 2008;Marín Gabriel et al, 2013;Aguilar Cordero, Mur Villar, García García, Rodríguez López, & Rizo Baeza, 2014), pacifiers (da Motta & da Cunha, 2015Yilmaz & Arikan, 2011), and sucrose and sweet solutions (Kassab, Anabrees, Harrison, Khriesat, & Chen, 2017;Kassab, Foster, Foureur, & Fowler, 2012;Pillai Riddell et al, 2015;Yilmaz & Arikan, 2011). Other alternatives include music therapy (Marofi, Nikobakht, Badiee, & Golchin, 2015); massage, touching, and positioning (Hartley, Miller, & Gephart, 2015); and nesting, kangaroo care, foetal positioning, and wrapping (Morrow et al, 2010;Prasopkittikun & Tilokskulchai, 2003;Okan et al, 2010;Obeidat & Shuriquie, 2015;Ali, McGrath, & Drendel, 2016;Cong, 2015;Shu et al, 2014).…”