Breath Ammonia Analysis: Clinical Application and Measurement

Hibbard, Troy; Killard, Anthony J.

doi:10.1080/10408347.2011.521729

Cited by 122 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Some groups have obtained a slightly higher median concentration [15,18,21,35], whereas others have measured considerably lower values [5,23,25,28,36,40]. However, as should be clear by now, such comparisons can be misleading because the same instrumental NH 3 reading can be obtained for significantly different original eNH 3 concentrations, depending on the prevailing sampling and measurement procedures.…”

Section: Mouth-exhaled Breath Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It is therefore generally argued that, as for other volatile biomarkers, it should be possible to detect NH 3 concentrations in exhaled breath that are related to the amount of ammonia present in the blood. During the last decades, considerable effort has been put into detecting gaseous exhaled breath ammonia (eNH 3 ) as a surrogate for blood or urine detection [5]. Apart from being non-invasive, this approach would provide rapid routine diagnostics and continuous monitoring of the health status, for example, during haemodialysis (HD) or exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin

et al. 2013

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Journal of Breath Research. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Schmidt, F., Vaittinen, O., Metsälä, M., Lehto, M., Forsblom, C. et al. (2013) Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin. Abstract. Ammonia concentrations in exhaled breath (eNH 3 ) and skin gas of 20 healthy subjects were measured on-line with a commercial cavity ring-down spectrometer and compared to saliva pH and plasma ammonium ion (NH + 4 ), urea and creatinine concentrations. Special attention was given to mouth, nose and skin sampling procedures and the accurate quantification of ammonia in humid gas samples. The obtained median concentrations were 688 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for mouth-eNH 3 , 34 ppbv for nose-eNH 3 , and 21 ppbv for both mouth-and nose-eNH 3 after an acidic mouth wash (MW). The median ammonia emission rate from the lower forearm was 0.3 ng cm −2 minute −1 . Statistically significant (p<0.05) correlations between the breath, skin and plasma ammonia/ammonium concentrations were not found. However, mouth-eNH 3 strongly (p<0.001) correlated with saliva pH. This dependence was also observed in detailed measurements of the diurnal variation and the response of eNH 3 to the acidic MW. It is concluded that eNH 3 as such does not reflect plasma but saliva and airway mucus NH + 4 concentrations and is affected by saliva and airway mucus pH. After normalization with saliva pH using the HendersonHasselbalch equation, mouth-eNH 3 correlated with plasma NH + 4 , which points to saliva and plasma NH + 4 being linked via hydrolysis of salivary urea. Journal of Breath

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Section: Mouth-exhaled Breath Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia in breath and emitted from skin

et al. 2013

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“…High ammonia levels in blood are related to slow conversion to urea due to liver impairment [260]. High levels of breath ammonia are also indicators of uremia and kidney failure [261] and could act as a target molecule for noninvasive IVD breath sensing diagnostics [262,263].…”

Section: Detection Of Metabolites and Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric-Based In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

Cheng

Kuan

Chen

2015

In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices

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“…It follows that the application of interdigitated electrode arrays (IDAs) can also exploited to further miniaturise sensing systems often through the incorporation of nanocomposites, Liu et al [97] describes the detection of volatile sulphur compounds (associated with a variety of ailments [98][99][100]) in a subject's breath exhalations. The authors report that the fabricated PANI/AuNPs sensor electrodes exhibited a good response to both H2S (1.0 ppm) and CH3SH (1.5 ppm) gases and that in comparison with other sensors, these novel IDA electrodes possess a greater selectivity and sensitivity while also being low cost.…”

Section: Miniaturisationmentioning

confidence: 99%