Breathe to stay cool

Bhaumik, Sourjya; Narlikar, Girija; Chattopadhyay, Subhendu; Kanugovi, Satish

doi:10.1145/1851290.1851300

Cited by 102 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A technique called self-organizing network (SON), introduced in the 3GPP standard (see 3GPP TS 32.521 for definition and 3GPP TS 36.902 for cases and solutions) [41], [115]- [117], is intended to be gradually implemented in BSs along with the 4G standards including LTE and WiMAX. It adds automatic network management and intelligence features to the system and thus reduces costs, improves performance and increases flexibility of the cellular system through network optimization and reconfiguration processes.…”

Section: Techniques Enabling Sleep Mode In Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It adds automatic network management and intelligence features to the system and thus reduces costs, improves performance and increases flexibility of the cellular system through network optimization and reconfiguration processes. SON enables the BSs to adjust their own configuration when necessary without human intervention, thus more operations such as timed sleep mode, user location prediction and reverse channel sensing are possible in the system [41], [117]. Sleep mode in BSs is one of the various applications of SON, where BSs are enabled to act collectively to save energy by redistributing traffic and sharing traffic information among BSs.…”

Section: Techniques Enabling Sleep Mode In Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, associations of BSs powered on or off can form collective network elements based on SON [98]. Cell sizes and on/off states can also be optimally adjusted [41]. In LTE, SON-based regulation schemes dynamically minimize the number of active sectors in each evolved Node B (eNB, equivalent to a BS), and thus enable efficient energy consumption [117].…”

Section: Techniques Enabling Sleep Mode In Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey

Zhou

Zukerman

et al. 2015

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

405

207

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Due to global climate change as well as economic concern of network operators, energy consumption of the infrastructure of cellular networks, or "Green Cellular Networking," has become a popular research topic. While energy saving can be achieved by adopting renewable energy resources or improving design of certain hardware (e.g., power amplifier) to make it more energy-efficient, the cost of purchasing, replacing, and installing new equipment (including manpower, transportation, disruption to normal operation, as well as associated energy and direct cost) is often prohibitive. By comparison, approaches that work on the operating protocols of the system do not require changes to current network architecture, making them far less costly and easier for testing and implementation. In this survey, we first present facts and figures that highlight the importance of green mobile networking and then review existing green cellular networking research with particular focus on techniques that incorporate the concept of the "sleep mode" in base stations. It takes advantage of changing traffic patterns on daily or weekly basis and selectively switches some lightly loaded base stations to low energy consumption modes. As base stations are responsible for the large amount of energy consumed in cellular networks, these approaches have the potential to save a significant amount of energy, as shown in various studies. However, it is noticed that certain simplifying assumptions made in the published papers introduce inaccuracies. This review will discuss these assumptions, particularly, an assumption that ignores the effect of traffic-load-dependent factors on energy consumption. We show here that considering this effect may lead to noticeably lower benefit than in models that ignore this effect. Finally, potential future research directions are discussed.

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Section: Techniques Enabling Sleep Mode In Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Techniques Enabling Sleep Mode In Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Techniques Enabling Sleep Mode In Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey

Zhou

Zukerman

et al. 2015

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

405

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Evaluation of the energy efficiency metrics for wireless networks

Gandhi

Newbury

2011

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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per Erlang (Watts/Erlang) for a voice system, or Watts per bit per second (Watts/[bit/s]) for a data system. Other candidates that incorporate area covered include Watts/Erlangs/km 2 for voice or Watts/ (bits/sec)/km 2 for data systems. While these metrics may appear to be a natural way of assessing how effectively power is used [5], we believe that they are not appropriate for a wireless system. In fact, they may be counter to prudent system operation as well as counter to a "green" goal. In addition, focus on these metrics could lead to the questionable conclusion that reduction of total radiated power in current networks constitutes a favorable tradeoff of "greenness" for performance.

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Power consumption model for macrocell and microcell base stations

Deruyck

Joseph

Martens

2012

Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech.

104

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In this paper, a power consumption model for both macrocell and microcell base stations is proposed. This model is validated by temporal power measurements on actual base stations and an excellent agreement is obtained. Furthermore, the power consumption's evolution during the day is investigated by means of these measurements. The energy efficiency of three different wireless technologies is compared namely mobile WiMAX, LTE, and HSPA. Based on the model proposed, the deployment tool GRAND (Green Radio Access Network Design) is implemented which allows to design an energyefficient access network for a predefined area. In general and based on the assumptions made, a macrocell base station consumes about 4.4 times more than a microcell base station. However, a microcell base station is less energy-efficient than a macrocell base station due to its lower coverage range. Despite this, it is still useful to introduce them in the network as the same coverage can be obtained with a lower total power consumption than with a network where only macrocell base stations are used.

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Breathe to stay cool

Cited by 102 publications

References 20 publications

Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey

Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey

Evaluation of the energy efficiency metrics for wireless networks

Power consumption model for macrocell and microcell base stations

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