Breathing patterns and heart rate during simulated occupational upper limb tasks in normal subjects

Mackey, Martin; Ellis, Elizabeth; Nicholls, Max

doi:10.1002/pri.128

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Group differences notwithstanding, highway driving did cause significant physiological activation in nonanxious control participants, yet their SUD measures remained at baseline. Although arm work can influence both autonomic and respiratory parameters in sitting participants (Mackay, Ellis, & Nicholls, 1998), steering a vehicle is not likely to require much physical exertion, especially in our participants, the majority of whose cars had power steering (phobic: 71%; control: 65%). Moreover, pCO 2 is a measure differing among groups that is relatively independent of metabolic demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Psychophysiological Assessment During Exposure in Driving Phobic Patients.

Alpers

Wilhelm

Roth

2005

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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A comprehensive assessment of fear or anxiety requires measurement of both self-report and physiological responses. Respiratory abnormalities have been rarely examined during real-life exposure, although they are an integral part of fear. Twenty-one women with a specific driving phobia and 17 nonphobic women were psychophysiologically monitored during 2 highway-driving sessions; phobic women completed an additional session. Respiratory movements, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, an electrocardiogram, skin conductance, and skin temperature were recorded. Phobic patients differed from control participants both physiologically and experientially before, during, and after exposure. Effect size during exposure was large for the authors' measure of hyperventilation. Discriminant analysis indicated that multiple physiological measures contributed nonredundant information and correctly classified 95% of phobic and control participants. Thus, selected respiratory and autonomic measures are valid diagnostic and therapeutic outcome criteria for this situational phobia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Psychophysiological Assessment During Exposure in Driving Phobic Patients.

Alpers

Wilhelm

Roth

2005

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…The GSH–MDI dose delivered via the intranasal route is more challenging to compare with human occupational respiratory tract MDI (vapor/aerosol) exposure, due to uncertainty regarding the relative rates of GSH–MDI formation and hydrolysis, and requires some extrapolation. On the basis of the amount of MDI used to make the GSH–MDI starting material (assuming 100% GSH–MDI product formation and subsequent release of active MDI), each intranasal exposure delivered the potential equivalent of 10 μg of MDI, approximately 100-fold below the predicted inhaled MDI dose (1 mg) for a human during an 8 h work shift, if exposed to MDI vapor/aerosol at the permissible exposure limit established by the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (0.2 mg/m 3 ), assuming a mean minute ventilation rate ranging between 10 and 20 L/min. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Reaction Products with a Chemical Allergen, Methylene-diphenyl Diisocyanate, Stimulate Alternative Macrophage Activation and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation

Wisnewski

Liu

Colangelo

2015

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Isocyanates have been a leading chemical cause of occupational asthma since their utility for generating polyurethane was first recognized over 60 years ago, yet the mechanisms of isocyanate asthma pathogenesis remain unclear. The present study provides in vivo evidence that a GSH mediated pathway underlies asthma-like eosinophilic inflammatory responses to respiratory tract isocyanate exposure. In naïve mice, a mixture of GSH reaction products with the chemical allergen, methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), induced innate immune responses, characterized by significantly increased airway levels of Chitinase YM-1 and IL-12/IL-23β (but not α) subunit. However, in mice immunologically sensitized to MDI via prior skin exposure, identical GSH–MDI doses induced substantially greater inflammatory responses, including significantly increased airway eosinophil numbers and mucus production, along with IL-12/IL-23β, chitinases, and other indicators of alternative macrophage activation. The “self”-protein albumin in mouse airway fluid was uniquely modified by GSH–MDI at position 414K, a preferred site of MDI reactivity on human albumin. The 414K–MDI conjugation appears to covalently cross-link GSH to albumin via GSH's NH2-terminus, a unique conformation possibly resulting from cyclized mono(GSH)–MDI or asymmetric (S,N′-linked) bis(GSH)–MDI conjugates. Together, the data support a possible thiol mediated transcarbamoylating mechanism linking MDI exposure to pathogenic eosinophilic inflammatory responses.

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“…In contrast to the material handling studies already discussed,( 46 ' 137) Mackey et al (99) quantified breathing patterns of 10 females (31.8 ± 6.2 years old) during a simulated upper body work task designed to mimic small materials handling and inspection work. Minute volumes were measured with a pneumotachograph while subjects performed the simulated work task when seated, once with the arms in a supported position (both elbows resting on a work bench) and once with the arms unsupported during the inspection phase of the task.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been documented that ventilation at a given level of oxygen consumption is greater when activities involve primarily small muscle groups (e.g., the arms) than it is when larger muscle groups (e.g., leg muscles) are utilized. (8) Likewise, Mackey et al (99) demonstrated that JrE is significantly lower during supported arm work (e.g., with elbows resting on a surface) than during unsupported arm work like that involved in the kitchen work described by Aminoffet al (5) Another investigation that assessed job-related work intensities was reported by Wakui et al (145) who examined energy expenditure and work rates of female nursing home care providers by monitoring heart rates over time. The types of work activities that were assessed included assisting nursing home residents with feeding, bathing, using the rest room, movement, and dressing, as well as administrative duties.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace Breathing Rates: Defining Anticipated Values and Ranges for Respirator Certification Testing

Caretti¹,

Gardner²,

Coyne³

2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information N it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTTest methods currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are designed to assure that respirators meet a minimum level of efficacy when tested under standard laboratory protocols. For air-purifying respirators (APRs), the primary performance tests most affected by airflow rate are filter gas-life capacity, particulate filter efficiency, and respirator breathing resistances. Presently, NIOSH measures all three parameters using constant-rate airflow conditions. An analysis of the measured and estimated minute volumes contained in the literature indicated a range from about 8 to 162 L'min' for unencumbered ventilation and work activities that spanned from mild to exhaustive. The mean minute volume of the distribution was 38.5 ± 16.6 L'min-1, and the median was 33.6 L-minin. Based on an empirical relationship between minute volume and peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak flows between 72 L'min-' and 183 L'min-1 would be expected for the mean minute volume for 38.5 L'min'. The anticipated range of PIF rates for the 9 5 dh percentile minute volume is between 182 L-min-' and 295 L-min-'. The results of this literature review suggest an increase in cyclic flow rates used for respirator certification testing should be considered to better represent ventilation rates found in the workplace. Blank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Test methods currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are designed to assure that all respirators of a given type will meet a minimum level of efficacy when tested under standard laboratory protocols. The relevance and adequacy of airflow rates used in respirator certification testing has been a longstanding debate. The concern is that the current test flow rates substantially underestimate real world values, implying that filters certified under existing standards may not provide adequate protection. For qualifying airpurifying respirators (APRs), the primar...

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Breathing patterns and heart rate during simulated occupational upper limb tasks in normal subjects

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Psychophysiological Assessment During Exposure in Driving Phobic Patients.

Psychophysiological Assessment During Exposure in Driving Phobic Patients.

Glutathione Reaction Products with a Chemical Allergen, Methylene-diphenyl Diisocyanate, Stimulate Alternative Macrophage Activation and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation

Workplace Breathing Rates: Defining Anticipated Values and Ranges for Respirator Certification Testing

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