Breeding Biology of Great Hornbill<i>Buceros bicornis</i>in Tropical Rainforest and Human-Modified Plantation Landscape in Western Ghats, India

Pawar, Pooja Yashwant; Naniwadekar, Rohit; Raman, T. R. Shankar; Mudappa, Divya

doi:10.2326/osj.17.205

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Lastly, the study was done from a period of general fruiting resource scarcity to one of the fruiting resource abundance. Heynea and Canarium fruited during periods of scarcity while Persea and Myristica during periods of resource abundance, with the fruiting of the latter two species coinciding with the post‐nesting phase of hornbills and other frugivores (Mudappa, 2000; Pawar et al., 2018). While the overall peak in fruit availability could potentially lead to differences in visitations among the tree species, frugivores track resources at different scales, from the scale of selecting fruits within a fruiting tree to fruit availability at the landscape level (García et al, 2011; Naniwadekar, Mishra, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are likely due to a combination of the traits of Myristica and its key disperser, Malabar Grey Hornbill, and the characteristics of the matrix. Myristica is a large‐seeded species with a lipid‐rich arillate fruit and is likely to be highly attractive in the resource‐poor matrix (Pawar et al., 2018). In addition, Malabar Grey Hornbills are residents even in small fragments, including some that are surrounded by shade‐grown coffee (pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in addition to non‐native trees such as Maesopsis eminii and Grevillea robusta . These resources in the matrix are not only exploited as food resources but are also used for nesting by large‐bodied frugivores such as hornbills, highlighting the potential resource availability in these habitats (Pawar, Naniwadekar, Raman, & Mudappa, 2018). The plateau has over forty rainforest fragments ranging in size from 1 to 300 ha (in total 10 km 2 , 4.5% of the plateau) which are enmeshed in this production landscape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India

et al. 2020

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In the tropics, where more than 75% of plants rely on vertebrates for seed dispersal (Howe & Smallwood, 1982), frugivores play an important role in maintaining plant community structure and diversity (Terborgh, Pitman, Silman, Schichter, & Núñez, 2002). Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major factors affecting plant-frugivore interactions (McConkey et al., 2012; Newbold et al., 2013). By altering the plant community composition and reducing fruiting resources, forest fragmentation alters frugivore communities, which may lead to altered recruitment patterns of dependent trees

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India

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“…2011, Pawar et al . 2018). The Valparai Plateau plantation landscape has a denser population of around 71 000 people, most of whom are employed in the plantations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transect surveys from December to May were classified as the nesting season for GH, and surveys from February to May as the nesting season for MGH (Kannan & James 1997, Mudappa 2000, Pawar et al . 2018). The overall survey period (January 2017 to April 2018) covered most of two nesting seasons (2017 and 2018) and one non‐nesting season for both species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hornbill abundance and breeding incidence in relation to habitat modification and fig fruit availability

Pawar

Mudappa

Raman

2020

Ibis

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Asian hornbills are known to forage and breed in fragmented rainforests and agroforestry plantations in human‐modified landscapes adjoining contiguous protected forests. However, the factors influencing year‐round hornbill abundance, demography and tracking of key food resources such as wild fig Ficus fruits in modified habitats and protected forests remain poorly understood. We carried out monthly surveys of two species of high conservation concern, the Vulnerable Great Hornbill (GH, Buceros bicornis) and the endemic Malabar Grey Hornbill (MGH, Ocyceros griseus) for 15 months and monitored ripe fig fruit availability for 12 months along 11 line transects (total length 24 km) in shade‐coffee plantations and adjoining continuous rainforests in a protected area (PA) in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India. Both hornbill species used plantations and the PA year‐round but distance sampling density estimates were higher in the PA in both nesting (GH by 57%; MGH by 50%) and non‐nesting (GH by 53%; MGH by 144%) seasons. Relative to estimates from 2004 to 2005, mean GH density appeared stable or increasing, whereas MGH had declined by 39% in the PA and by 56% in plantations. Monthly encounter rate of both hornbills tended to be higher in the PA and that of MGH was also positively related to the density of fig trees with ripe fruit. Sex ratios of observed adult birds in the non‐nesting season were relatively even (GH) or slightly female‐biased (MGH), but became male‐biased in both species during the nesting season when females were confined in tree‐cavity nests. We used change in the adult sex ratio of observed birds from the non‐nesting to nesting season to estimate an index of the proportion of adult pairs breeding at any point within the season, providing the first such estimates for any hornbill species. The proportion of breeding pairs was higher in the PA (GH – 56%, MGH – 64%) than in the plantations (GH – 33%, MGH – 30%). Although hornbills use shade‐coffee plantations year‐round, partly due to fig fruit availability, differences in hornbill density and breeding incidence, as assessed from the sex ratios of observed adult birds, indicate that plantations are a sub‐optimal habitat for both species.

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Nesting Ecology of Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus in a Mosaic Landscape in the Southern Western Ghats, India

2022

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Breeding Biology of Great HornbillBuceros bicornisin Tropical Rainforest and Human-Modified Plantation Landscape in Western Ghats, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India

Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India

Hornbill abundance and breeding incidence in relation to habitat modification and fig fruit availability

Nesting Ecology of Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus in a Mosaic Landscape in the Southern Western Ghats, India

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