Breeding pond fidelity in the common toad, <i>Bufo bufo</i>

Reading, C. J.; Loman, Jon; Madsen, Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb03811.x

Cited by 105 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both species are generally philopatric with respect to breeding sites (eg Elmberg, 1990;Reading et al, 1991), but nevertheless colonise new ponds effectively when these are created near existing breeding sites (Baker and Halliday, 1999). However, because toads are more selective than frogs with respect to breeding site choice, the distances between suitable ponds are usually greater for the former species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting population structures in two sympatric anurans: implications for species conservation

Brede

Beebee

2003

Heredity

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A general prediction of the neutral theory of evolution is that genetic diversity should correlate positively with effective population size. We show here that diversity across eight microsatellite loci was consistently and substantially lower in one common amphibian (Bufo bufo) than in another with similar life history traits (Rana temporaria) despite B. bufo having the larger breeding assemblage sizes. However, B. bufo breeding assemblages were much more highly differentiated than those of R. temporaria according to both F st and R st estimators. These differences occurred in shared habitats across identical geographical distances. The patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation detected in these two species were probably a consequence of high gene flow in R. temporaria but much lower gene flow among the larger but more dispersed B. bufo assemblages. These observations highlight the difficulty of defining the boundaries of wild populations, and show how two broadly similar species can exhibit very different population dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting population structures in two sympatric anurans: implications for species conservation

Brede

Beebee

2003

Heredity

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“…The closest additional breeding pond is situated 1.7 km southwest of the four study ponds. A study in 1990 found no toad (in a sample of 123 toads) at this pond previously marked at the present study site (with 1298 toads marked in [1987][1988][1989] (Reading, Loman and Madsen, 1991). We thus consider the Måryd population geographically closed in our analyses.…”

Section: Study Site and Field Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a map of the study site see fig. 1 in Reading, Loman and Madsen (1991). The closest additional breeding pond is situated 1.7 km southwest of the four study ponds.…”

Section: Study Site and Field Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting capture histories were "reduced capture histories" in the sense of Hargrove and Borland (1994). As both males and females were observed moving between the ponds, both within and between years (Reading, Loman and Madsen, 1991), the capture data from all four ponds were pooled and hence treated as one "breeding site". At each visit all ponds were searched.…”

Section: Study Site and Field Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex ratio of breeding Common toads (Bufo bufo) – influence of survival and skipped breeding

Loman

Madsen

2010

Amphib Reptilia

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Anuran sex ratio at breeding sites is typically male biased. Such sex ratios may be due to poor female survival, to females not breeding as frequently as males and/or to males becoming sexually mature earlier than females. In the present study, the first two factors are analyzed in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population in southern Sweden. Toads were captured, marked and recaptured at the breeding site during 5 years. Within season capture patterns were analyzed using the Jolly-Seber model and among-year captures using the Closed robust design model. Population estimates of males and females yielded an among year variation in breeding population sex ratio, ranging from 16% to 34% females. On average, 41% (proportion adult alive but not breeding) of the females skipped breeding seasons, whereas the corresponding estimate for males was less than 5%. Yearly survival averaged 42% for adult female and 63% for adult male toads. First year adult males and females had a lower survival rate than older toads. Our results demonstrate that both a female biased mortality rate and a higher proportion of skipped breeding in females contribute to the observed male biased sex ratio. However, a deterministic model suggests other factors may also be involved to obtain this degree of male biased sex ratio, the most likely being that females mature at a later age than male toads. © 2010 Brill Academic Publishers. Abstract. Anuran sex ratio at breeding sites is typically male biased. Such sex ratios may be due to poor female survival, to females not breeding as frequently as males and/or to males becoming sexually mature earlier than females. In the present study, the first two factors are analyzed in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population in southern Sweden. Toads were captured, marked and recaptured at the breeding site during 5 years. Within season capture patterns were analyzed using the Jolly-Seber model and among-year captures using the Closed robust design model. Population estimates of males and females yielded an among year variation in breeding population sex ratio, ranging from 16% to 34% females. On average, 41% (proportion adult alive but not breeding) of the females skipped breeding seasons, whereas the corresponding estimate for males was less than 5%. Yearly survival averaged 42% for adult female and 63% for adult male toads. First year adult males and females had a lower survival rate than older toads. Our results demonstrate that both a female biased mortality rate and a higher proportion of skipped breeding in females contribute to the observed male biased sex ratio. However, a deterministic model suggests other factors may also be involved to obtain this degree of male biased sex ratio, the most likely being that females mature at a later age than male toads.

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“…found a highly elevated risk of local extinction of the pool frog Rana lessonae when inter--wetland distances exceeded 1 km, despite rare dispersal events up to 15 km (in Austria, Tunner 1969 cited in Sinsch 1990). Reports of the maximum dispersal distance of the common toad Bufo bufo range from 1.6 km (Sinch 1988) to 1.9 km in Sweden (Reading et al 1991) and 3 km in Switzerland (Heusser 1969 cited in Sinsch 1990). Previous research in Stockholm Municipality has used 2 km as a maximum spring migration distance for the common toad (Löfvenhaft et al 2004;Mörtberg et al 2006).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of spatial fit in social-ecological systems: detecting mismatches between ecological connectivity and land management in an urban region

Bergsten¹,

Galafassi²,

Bodin³

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. The problem of institutional fit in social-ecological systems has been empirically documented and conceptually discussed for decades, yet there is a shortage of approaches to systematically and quantitatively examine the level of fit. We address this gap, focusing on spatial fit in an urban and peri-urban regional landscape. Such landscapes typically exhibit significant fragmentation of remnant habitats, which can limit critical species dispersal. This may have detrimental effects on species persistence and ecosystem functioning if land use is planned without consideration of the spatial patterns of fragmentation. Managing habitat fragmentation is particularly challenging when the scale of fragmentation reaches beyond the control of single managers, thereby requiring different actors to coordinate their activities to address the problem at the appropriate scale. We present a research approach that maps patterns of collaborations between actors who manage different parts of a landscape, and then relates these patterns to structures of ecological connectivity. We applied our approach to evaluate the fit between a collaborative wetland management network comprising all 26 municipalities in the Stockholm County in Sweden and an ecologically defined network of dispersed but ecologically interconnected wetlands. Many wetlands in this landscape are either intersected by the boundary between two or more municipalities, or are located close to such boundaries, which implies a degree of ecological interconnectedness and a need for intermunicipal coordination related to wetland management across boundaries. We first estimated the level of ecological connectivity between wetlands in neighboring municipalities, and then used this estimate to elaborate the level of social-ecological fit vis-à-vis intermunicipal collaboration. We found that the level of fit was generally weak. Also, we identified critical misalignments of ecological connectivity and intermunicipal collaboration, respectively, as well as collaborations that represented an adequate alignment. These findings inform on where to most effectively allocate limited resources of collaborative capacity to enhance the level of social-ecological fit. Our approach and results are illustrated using maps, which facilitates the potential application of this method in land use planning practice.

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Breeding pond fidelity in the common toad, Bufo bufo

Cited by 105 publications

References 3 publications

Contrasting population structures in two sympatric anurans: implications for species conservation

Contrasting population structures in two sympatric anurans: implications for species conservation

Sex ratio of breeding Common toads (Bufo bufo) – influence of survival and skipped breeding

The problem of spatial fit in social-ecological systems: detecting mismatches between ecological connectivity and land management in an urban region

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