Brevetoxins: Unique Activators of Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channels

Trainer, Vera L.; Edwards, R. A.; Szmant, Alina M.; Stuart, Adam M.; Mende, Thomas J.; Baden, Daniel G.

doi:10.1021/bk-1990-0418.ch011

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Type A brevetoxins include the congeners PbTx-1, -7, and -10, while type B brevetoxins include the congeners PbTx-2, -3, -5, -6, -8, and -9. These different backbone structures result in differing efficacies of the congeners in biologic systems (Trainer et al 1990). …”

Section: Research | Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Colman

Ramsdell

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Brevetoxins are produced by the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. The toxins are lipophilic polyether toxins that elicit a myriad of effects depending on the route of exposure and the target organism. Brevetoxins are therefore broadly toxic to marine and estuarine animals. By mimicking the maternal route of exposure to the oocytes in finfish, we characterized the adverse effects of the type B brevetoxin brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) on embryonic fish development and survival. The Japanese rice fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), was used as the experimental model in which individual eggs were exposed via microinjection to various known concentrations of PbTx-3 dissolved in an oil vehicle. Embryos injected with doses exceeding 1.0 ng/egg displayed tachycardia, hyperkinetic twitches in the form of sustained convulsions, spinal curvature, clumping of the erythrocytes, and decreased hatching success. Furthermore, fish dosed with toxin were often unable to hatch in the classic tail-first fashion and emerged head first, which resulted in partial hatches and death. We determined that the LD 50 (dose that is lethal to 50% of the fish) for an injected dose of PbTx-3 is 4.0 ng/egg. The results of this study complement previous studies of the developmental toxicity of the type A brevetoxin brevetoxin-1 (PbTx-1), by illustrating in vivo the differing affinities of the two congeners for cardiac sodium channels. Consequently, we observed differing cardiovascular responses in the embryos, wherein embryos exposed to PbTx-3 exhibited persistent tachycardia, whereas embryos exposed to PbTx-1 displayed bradycardia, the onset of which was delayed.

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Section: Research | Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Colman

Ramsdell

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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“…There are chemical similarities between ciguatoxin and brevetoxins and the toxic effects of both these types of toxins are apparently caused by the changes in sodium ion influx in the affected organisms (Baden, 1989(Baden, , 1995Trainer et al 1990). Many of the symptoms associated with ciguatera poisoning also resemble NSP and in severe cases, death can result from circulatory collapse or respiratory failure due to NSP (WHO, 1984).…”

Section: Ciguateramentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful Algal Blooms: Physiology, Behavior, Population Dynamics and Global Impacts- A Review

Al-Ghelani

Alkindi

Amer

et al. 2005

SQU Journal for Science

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Harmful, toxic algae are now considered as one of the important players in the newly emerging environmental risk factors. The apparent global increase in harmful algal blooms (HABs) is becoming a serious problem in both aquaculture and fisheries populations. Not only has the magnitude and intensity of public health and economic impacts of these blooms increased in recent years, but the number of geographic locations experiencing toxic algal blooms has also increased dramatically. There are two primary factors causing HABs outbreaks. The natural processes such as upwelling and relaxation, and the anthropogenic loading resulting in eutrophication. However, the influence of global climate changes on algal bloom phenomenon cannot be ignored. The problem warrants development of effective strategies for the management and mitigation of HABs. Progress made in the routine coastal monitoring programs, development of methods for detection of algal species and toxins and coastal modeling activities for predicting HABs reflect the international concerns regarding the impacts of AL-GHELANI, H.M., ALKINDI, A.Y.A, AMER, S. AND AL-AKHZAMI, Y.K. 2HABs. Innovative techniques using molecular probes will hopefully result in development of rapid, reliable screening methods for phycotoxins and the causative organisms.

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“…The brevetoxin family of marine natural products is of considerable interest due to their biological activities as potent neurotoxins, as well as the relatively complex polycyclic ether skeletons of these compounds . The brevetoxin-type structures generally possess a trans − syn − trans arrangement of fused cyclic ethers, except for ring A in which the terminal alkyl substituent is anti , as represented in the simplest member of this family, hemibrevetoxin B ( 1 ) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short, Enantioselective Synthesis of the AB-Ring Substructure of the Brevetoxins via endo-Selective Alkynol Cycloisomerization

Gleason

McDonald

1997

J. Org. Chem.

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Brevetoxins: Unique Activators of Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channels

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

The type B brevetoxin (PbTx-3) adversely affects development, cardiovascular function, and survival in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Harmful Algal Blooms: Physiology, Behavior, Population Dynamics and Global Impacts- A Review

A Short, Enantioselective Synthesis of the AB-Ring Substructure of the Brevetoxins via endo-Selective Alkynol Cycloisomerization

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