A collection of eight clinical strains from Belgian hospitals and three clinical strains of the CCUG collection were characterized biochemically as being similar to CDC groups II-h and II-c; the latter differs from group II-h only by positivity for sucrose acidification. These 11 strains were found to cluster according to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity at a level of ¢99.5 %, and on the basis of their tDNA-PCR profile. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this collection of strains was related most closely to Chryseobacterium hispanicum (97.2 %), but they differed from the type strain of this species by the following phenotypic characteristics: growth at 37 6C, negativity for xylose acidification, positivity for acetate assimilation-alkalinization on Simmons' agar base and absence of flexirubin pigments, and by their tDNA-PCR profile. Strain NF802 T showed only 57.8 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strain of C. hispanicum. Fatty acid composition did not enable differentiation from C. hispanicum. The DNA G+C content of strain NF802 T is 36.5 mol%. The name Chryseobacterium hominis sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon, with type strain NF802 T (5CCUG 52711 T 5CIP 109415 T ).The family Flavobacteriaceae, emended by Bernardet et al. (2002), currently comprises more than 50 genera, including Bergeyella, Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, Kaistella, Riemerella, Sejongia and the recently described Wautersiella (Kämpfer et al., 2006).At present, the genus Chryseobacterium comprises 20 species, including some of clinical importance (Quan et al., 2007). In addition, Schreckenberger et al. (2003) mentioned a number of phenotypically related strains called 'CDC groups II-c, II-e, II-g, II-h and II-i', which are recovered rarely from clinical material, according to the authors. CDC group II-h and group II-c strains are distinguished from each other by acid production from sucrose (CDC group II-c), from group II-e by aesculin hydrolysis, from group II-i by the absence of xylose acidification and from group II-g because the latter is nonsaccharolytic. In this study, we characterized seven CDC IIh and four CDC II-c strains, of which the clinical and geographical origin and the year of isolation are listed in Table 1. On the basis of this study, we propose that the 11 strains represent a novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium hominis sp. nov. is proposed.Biochemical and morphological tests were performed as described previously (Laffineur et al., 2002;Schreckenberger et al., 2003); the morphological characteristics of the novel species are given in the species description. Inhibition zones were determined on tryptic soy agar around discs of tetracycline (30 mg), ciprofloxaxcin (5 mg), trimethoprim/cotrimoxazole (23.75 mg/1.25 mg), ampicillin (10 mg), temocillin (30 mg), cephalothin (30 mg), cefotaxime (30 mg), erythromycin (15 mg), gentamicin (10 mg) and colistin (10 mg).Acid production from carbohydrates was tested on oxidation-fermentation medium and low-peptone phenol red agar ...