Brewers’ Rice: A By-Product from Rice Processing Provides Natural Hepatorenal Protection in Azoxymethane-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Abstract

Brewers' rice, which is known locally as temukut, is a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Our present study was designed to identify the effect of brewers' rice on the attenuation of liver and kidney damage induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, and urea were evaluated to understand potential hepatoprotective effects and the ability of brewers' rice to attenuate kidney pathology induced by AOM treatment. Liver and kidney tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Overall analyses revealed that brewers' rice improved the levels of serum markers in a manner associated with better histopathological outcomes, which indicated that brewers' rice could enhance recovery from hepatocyte and kidney damage. Taken together, these results suggest that brewers' rice could be used in future applications to combat liver and kidney disease.

Evaluation of the Hepato- and Neuroprotective Effect of Chemical Constituents in Saussurea costus Extract Against the Toxicity Induced by Chloropyrofos Ethyl in Rats

“…On the other hand, Essential oils, aqueous an organic solvent of plant extracts (contained polyphenolic compounds) and silver nanoparticles have been used as antifungal, antivirus and antibacterial to avoid a contamination in food [80][81][82][83]. It was postulated that the aqueous extract showed scavenging activities against attack of the ROS that stimulate the oxidative stress in addition to cytotoxic activities and its ability to regulate cell apoptosis by inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells and to down regulate the expression of both P 53 and Bcl2 genes [84].…”

“…The costunolide exhibited anticancer potential against gastric cancer and it was studied on AGS and BGC-823 cell lines and its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated[39]. It was noticed that S. lappa exhibited anticancer activity against AGS cells and this might be attributed to its efficiency in stimulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2 phase in a time-and dosedependent manner through induction of p53 and p 21 Waf1 proteins and concomitant reduction of cyclin B1. Moreover, its anticancer activity might refer to suppression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in addition to activation of the proapoptotic molecules including Bax and caspase-3 [40].…”

Evaluation of the Biological Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Croton tiglium L. Seeds Extract against Azoxymethane Induced Colon Cancer in Rats

“…Moreover, levels of TP and albumin might be decreased significantly as a result of the liver injury that consequently leads to alterations in protein biosynthesis (Gürocak et al, 2013). In addition, urea and creatinin levels might be increased with lowering TP and albumin levels due to the severe inflammation occurred in kidney tissues as a result of AOM injection and this consequently leads to tubules degeneration and protein cast deposition within tubular lumina and tissue necrosis (Tan et al, 2015).…”

Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe?

“…Several studies have also reached a similar finding, in which rice by-products have an antiproliferative activity against cancer [ 235 , 236 ]. Strikingly, feeding with brewers' rice not only reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) [ 237 ]; in fact, the relative proportions of natural antioxidant compounds in brewers' rice have also been reported to attenuate liver and kidney damage in azoxymethane-induced oxidative stress in rats, as reported by Tan et al [ 238 ], suggesting that bioactive constituents present in whole grains may ameliorate oxidative stress.…”