Brewing Yeast Identification and Chromosome Analysis Using High Resolution Chef Gel Electrophoresis

Sheehan, Catherine; Weiss, Anthony S.; Newsom, Ian A.; Flint, V. M.; O'Donnell, Dermot C.

doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1991.tb01061.x

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A pioneer study, published by Basso et al . , corroborates the use of karyotyping for monitoring yeasts in this industrial process for bioethanol production, a technique previously validated for wine and beer production . In addition, the study elucidates that there is a replacement of yeasts used as the inoculum during the season and that these originate from the feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Population dynamics of yeasts inhabiting bioethanol production with cell recycling

Tosin

Andrietta

2015

J. Inst. Brew.

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Seeking to understand the dynamics of the yeast population in a bioethanol fermentation process that uses cell recycling, the yeast inhabiting the fermentation tanks throughout the production season were monitored. A total of 26 yeasts were isolated from tanks in a Brazilian bioethanol distillery plant during six different periods of the season. These yeasts were evaluated with regard to fermentative capacity and all yeasts were qualified to be used for bioethanol production. Based on the numerical taxonomy, it was possible to say that they were all representative of Saccharomyces sensu stricto. A total of 10 different banding patterns were obtained from the 16 strains isolated. This work has shown that the yeast introduced at the beginning of the season was quickly replaced by one or more native yeast strains. It was also shown that the replacement of these strains is not always harmful to the process and isolating such yeasts found in the fermentation tanks could be an interesting strategy for new strain selection.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Population dynamics of yeasts inhabiting bioethanol production with cell recycling

Tosin

Andrietta

2015

J. Inst. Brew.

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“…In any case, various authors have previously examined S. cerevisiae strains identified only by conventional taxonomic techniques and found several bands at molecular sizes less than 500 kbp, bands which were observed in all of the strains included in our model defined by molecular taxonomic techniques. This property clearly separates the four taxa of Saccharomyces sensu stricto from all of the nonSaccharomyces yeast species that have been examined so far by PFGE, all of which contain only a few, large chromosomal units (2,7,9,14,15,26,27,35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The presence of at least four taxa with different genomes within the thousands of S. cerevisiae strains conserved in culture collections and research laboratories throughout the world may explain the high levels of intraspecific polymorphism always encountered in electrophoretic karyotype studies performed with industrial and collection strains (1,9,11,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic Karyotypes of Authentic Strains of the Sensu Stricto Group of the Genus Saccharomyces

Cardinali

Martini

1994

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A comparative electrophoretic karyotyping study was performed with several certified authentic strains of the four species that could be distinguished by nuclear DNA (nDNA)-nDNA reassociation data within the sensu stricto group of the genus Succhuromyces. A multivariate analysis of the polymorphisms observed in pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles (numbers and molecular weights of separated units) revealed that the strains could be separated into four clusters that corresponded to the taxa that were distinguished on the basis of nDNA comparisons. Discrepancies between nDNA reassociation data and membership in the corresponding clusters were observed only with two strains of Succhuromycespurudoxus. Blind tests carried out with additional industrial strains confirmed the general validity of the statistical model created for comparison of karyotypes within the species included in Succharomyces sensu stricto.The species assigned by van der Walt (30) to the sensu stricto group of the genus Saccharomyces include the microorganisms that have been exploited industrially and scientifically by humans for the longest time. Innumerable ecological and technological investigations have redundantly demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the only species responsible for alcoholic fermentation of fruit juices (13). In addition, this species has long been the organism of choice for use as a model of the eukaryotic cell in biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and molecular biology (24).Genetic analysis has shown that the variable phenotypic expression of performance characteristics (including fermentation and assimilation) often observed in Saccharomyces strains may result from the presence of multiple gene loci that can be active, silent, or missing in different strains of the same species (6, 8,10,17,19). This may explain why definite identification of an unknown isolate as S. cerevisiae by conventional taxonomy is often difficult. In addition, these yeasts, which have been domesticated as a result of millennia of exploitation in human-created, industrial environments, are often homothallic or aneuploid and therefore are very difficult to use as models for genetic study and strain improvement.Over the years the variability in the physiological performance of yeasts has resulted in a fluctuating classification. The 20 different species accepted at the beginning of this century were in 1970 reduced to 8 species by van der Walt (30), who described 13 new taxa and coined the term Saccharomyces sensu stricto. In 1984 Yarrow (38) combined the 21 species described by van der Walt in 1970 into one species because he found that the organisms were ecologically, physiologically, and technologically identical.A series of subsequent nuclear DNA (nDNA)-nDNA reassociation studies revealed that the 21 previously described taxa belonging to the sensu stricto group, which made up the species S. cerevzsiae sensu Yarrow (38), included at least the following four variably related species: Saccharomyces bayanus, S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyce...

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“…Cultured S. cerevisiae yeasts display sufficient chromosomal length polymorphism to allow intraspecific differentiation of various strains (Naumov et al 1992b(Naumov et al , 1997bSheehan et al 1991;Vezinhet et al 1990). Wild S. cerevisiae strains, in contrast, display little chromosomal polymorphism despite their variable geographic origin (Naumov et al 1992a(Naumov et al , 1992b.…”

Section: Genetic Identification Of Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharomyces paradoxus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are associated with exudates of North American oaks

Наумов

Наумова²,

Sniegowski³

1998

Can. J. Microbiol.

117

109

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Genetic hybridization and karyotypic analyses revealed the biological species Saccharomyces paradoxus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in exudates from North American oaks for the first time. In addition, two strains collected from elm flux and from Drosophila by Phaff in 1961 and 1952 were reidentified as S. paradoxus. Each strain studied showed a unique profile of chromosomal hybridization with a probe for the retrotransposable element Ty1. The wild distribution of natural Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts is discussed.

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Brewing Yeast Identification and Chromosome Analysis Using High Resolution Chef Gel Electrophoresis

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Population dynamics of yeasts inhabiting bioethanol production with cell recycling

Population dynamics of yeasts inhabiting bioethanol production with cell recycling

Electrophoretic Karyotypes of Authentic Strains of the Sensu Stricto Group of the Genus Saccharomyces

Saccharomyces paradoxus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are associated with exudates of North American oaks

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