Bridge Retrofit Testing: Hinge Cable Restrainers

Effects of the restrainer upon bridge motions under seismic excitations

“…The pounding, which is an interaction between adjacent vibration units, is described by using impact element which consists of spring (S 1,5 , S 5,9 , S 9,A2 ), damper (C 1,5 , C 5,9 , C 9,A2 ), and gap (d 1,5 , d 5,9 , d 9,A2 ) [15,16]. The stiffness and damping constant of the impact elements are determined by existing sensitive analysis [17] and the gap distance between adjacent vibration units is 5 cm.…”

“…Stiffness of cable restrainer G R (1,5) , G R (5,9) , G R (9,A2) Clearance length of cable restrainer the hysteresis model obtained from the force-displacement relationship (Fig. 5) [19].…”

“…Selna et al [5] have determined the strength, stiffness, and cyclic load-deflection behavior of bridges retrofitted with cable restrainers using a full-scale experimental test of the cable structure, and it has been shown that the measured capacity or strength of the retrofitted system is slightly greater than the design yield load for restrainers. Saiidi et al [1] have investigated four bridges retrofitted with cable restrainers during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and it has been concluded that restrainers are affected by many factors such as the amplitude and frequency of the ground motion, foundation flexibility as well as flexibility of the substructure and nonlinear time history analysis is necessary to design appropriate restrainers.…”

Experimental Research on the Capacity of Bridge Shear Keys

“…A study on the seismic performance of girder bridges equipped with bi-directional energy-dissipating sacrificial devices have been performed by Kwang et al [14]. Different design approaches of these elements have been proposed in the past by other researchers [15] [16] [17]. Current codes [11] [18] [19] [20] place the focus on the prevention of falling off the superstructure and no attention is given to the prevention of the failure and the reinforcements of the stoppers itself.…”

Seismic response of a continuous bridge with bearing protection devices

“…Various design approaches for restrainers are available in literature [12][13][14] and design codes [15][16][17]. In all the approaches, the focus is on the prevention of falling of the superstructure and no attention is given to the prevention of the failure of bearings.…”