Bridging the “Beech-Gap”: New Zealand Invertebrate Phylogeography Implicates Pleistocene Glaciation and Pliocene Isolation

Trewick, Steven A.; Wallis, Graham P.

doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2170:btbgnz]2.0.co;2

Cited by 74 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…pletus complex attests to the distinctness of these species. This distance is similar to or greater than that observed among New Zealand onychophorans and insects (Trewick 2000;Trewick & Wallis 2001), about twice that observed for the oldest clades of Hawaiian tetragnathid spiders (Gillispie 1999), and almost ten times the greatest distance that separates populations of New Zealand's two widow spider species (Griffiths et al 2005). A rate of 2% (e.g., Brown et al 1979;DeSalle et al 1987;Juan, et al 1995;Gillespie 1999;Trewick & Morgan-Richards 2005) This date suggests an early to middle Pliocene origin for these species through geographical isolation on the NI and SI, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This region is often referred to as the "beech-gap" because there is disjunction in the distribution of many species, including Nothofagus species, in this region (Burrows 1965;Heads 1998;Trewick & Wallis 2001). During the Pleistocene, glaciers from the Southern Alps extended nearly halfway across this narrow portion of the SI, producing a large outwash aggregate field that extended to the coast (Fleming 1979;Trewick & Wallis 2001). Elevated by Miocene volcanism (Thornton, 1985), Bank's Peninsula (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These comprise a southern OtagoSouthland region, a central Canterbury region of low endemism, a northeastern Marlborough region, and a northwestern Nelson region. (Trewick & Wallis 2001;Neiman & Lively 2004). Specimens collected more recently from the northern and western coasts of the SI and from the NI will allow us to determine if A. pletus is confined to the Marlborough region or if it extends into the Nelson region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Oligocene (32 Ma) erosion and rising sea levels restricted landmass to small areas in the south of the SI and the north central region of the North Island (NI) (Suggate 1978;Cooper & Cooper 1995;Trewick & Morgan-Richards 2005). Land area expanded during the Miocene and from 15-10 Ma formed a single slender island, which was again divided during the early Pliocene (5 Ma) into islands roughly the size of the present NI and SI (Suggate 1978;Morgan-Richards et al 2000;Trewick & Wallis 2001). During the Pleistocene (1.8 Ma-14,000), sea level dropped, connecting NI, SI, and Stewart Islands (Fleming 1979;Thornton 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Pleistocene (1.8 Ma-14,000), sea level dropped, connecting NI, SI, and Stewart Islands (Fleming 1979;Thornton 1985). On the SI, extensive glaciation drastically reduced the habitable area and altered climate and vegetation, impacting the diversity and distribution of many terrestrial invertebrates (Trewick 2000;Trewick & Wallis 2001;Neiman & Lively 2004;Trewick & Morgan-Richards 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic relationships of Amaurobioides (Anyphaenidae) spiders from the southeastern coast of New Zealand

Opell¹,

Berger²,

M.³

et al. 2007

Zootaxa

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Members of the genus Amaurobioides construct silk retreats in rock crevices of the marine spray zone, a harsh and unusual habitat for spiders. This study expands the distribution records of three morphological species of Amaurobioides found on the eastern and southern coasts of New Zealand's South Island and uses mitochondrial DNA to examine their relationships and characterize their dispersal capabilities. Both 16S and ND1 sequences distinguish A. pletus found on the northeastern coast from a complex of two southern species comprised of A. maritimus from the mainland and A. picunus from Stewart Island. Neither 16S DNA nor ND1 protein separates these southern species. However, ND1 parsimony and likelihood analyses place 10 of 11 Stewart Island specimens in a clade of low support that nests deeply within A. maritimus. A nested haplotype analysis characterizes A. maritimus and A. picunus populations as having restricted gene flow/dispersal but with some long distance dispersal. Genetic distances between A. pletus and the A. maritimus-A. picunus complex indicate a Pliocene origin, whereas distances between A. maritimus and A. picunus suggest a Pleistocene divergence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Genetic relationships of Amaurobioides (Anyphaenidae) spiders from the southeastern coast of New Zealand

Opell¹,

Berger²,

M.³

et al. 2007

Zootaxa

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show abstract

Does wing reduction influence the relationship between altitude and insect body size? A case study using New Zealand's diverse stonefly fauna

McCulloch

Waters

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Researchers have long been intrigued by evolutionary processes that explain biological diversity. Numerous studies have reported strong associations between animal body size and altitude, but insect analyses have often yielded equivocal results. Here, we analyze a collection database of New Zealand's diverse endemic stonefly fauna (106 species across 21 genera) to test for relationships between altitude and plecopteran body size. This insect assemblage includes a variety of wing‐reduced (26 spp) and fully winged (80 spp) taxa and covers a broad range of altitudes (0–2,000 m). We detected significant relationships between altitude and body size for wing‐reduced, but not fully winged, stonefly taxa. These results suggest that, while the maintenance of flight apparatus might place a constraint on body size in some fully winged species, the loss of flight may free insects from this evolutionary constraint. We suggest that rapid switches in insect dispersal ability may facilitate rapid evolutionary shifts across a number of biological attributes and may explain the inconsistent results from previous macroecological analyses of insect assemblages.

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New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities

Nielsen

Bauer

Jackman

et al. 2011

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

107

132

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Bridging the “Beech-Gap”: New Zealand Invertebrate Phylogeography Implicates Pleistocene Glaciation and Pliocene Isolation

Cited by 74 publications

References 63 publications

Genetic relationships of Amaurobioides (Anyphaenidae) spiders from the southeastern coast of New Zealand

Genetic relationships of Amaurobioides (Anyphaenidae) spiders from the southeastern coast of New Zealand

Does wing reduction influence the relationship between altitude and insect body size? A case study using New Zealand's diverse stonefly fauna

New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities

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