Bridging the gap among actor–sensor–actor communication through load balancing multi-path routing

Abstract

Wireless sensor actor networks (WSANs) consist of a large amount of sensor nodes with low cost and little actor nodes with better processing capabilities. The actor nodes tend to get partitioned due to low actor density in case of economic considerations. So, the communication among actors requires sensor nodes to relay his data to the destination actor which lead to the bottleneck in communication. A high-throughput disjoint multi-path (HTDM) routing scheme is proposed in this paper which allows actor simultaneously forwards data through multiple disjoint paths to achieve high throughput. HTDM routing scheme can quickly establish multiple disjoint routing paths, which can increase the throughput among actors a lot, and the routing path can be adjusted dynamically according to the energy status of their nodes, which can achieve load balancing. Simulation results show that, compared with related routing schemes, HTDM routing scheme can achieve higher throughput performance and distribute transmission loads more evenly to most of the nodes in the network.

A green and reliable communication modeling for industrial internet of things

“…There are a lot of studies belong to this category, Ref. [19] proposed a method which adopts different transmit power to reduce the bit error rate (BER) and delay in adaptive MPSK-based wireless sensor networks. We can also see some related research in Ref.…”

Ant based multipath backbone routing for load balancing in MANET

“…Then the network load on the routes is balanced by an index by each backbone node to distribute the data traffic equally on the links from source to destination. By simulation results, we have shown that proposed technique reduces the network load [24–29].…”

“… (6) When BA reaches S or BN i , the node will verifies P z ( i ) estimated using D , BW, and A n values from D . (7) If S receives multiple BA, then there exist multiple paths to D . S chooses nodes with maximum higher pheromone value for data transmission. (8) The routing table is updated using following conditions If there is no communication between nodes, then the pheromone value of the respective link is zero. If there exists communication between nodes, the initial pheromone value 0.1 is deposited on that link of N i and N i [28, 29] The pheromone value of that link is positively reinforced for each FA received in BN i . where If data is not transferred for finite time T de , the pheromone value of the link is decayed by factor .…”

“…If there exists communication between nodes, the initial pheromone value 0.1 is deposited on that link of N i and N i [28, 29] …”

An Energy-Efficient Routing Mechanism (EERM) for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

“…A high-throughput disjoint multi-path (HTDM) [14] operates in two different stages. In the first stage, every sensor node obtains the shortest hop to each actor node.…”