Brief Communication: Plasma lipid oxidation predicts atherosclerotic status better than cholesterol in diabetic apolipoprotein E deficient mice

Abstract

Increased levels of oxidative stress have been suggested to play a detrimental role in the development of diabetes-related vascular complications. Here, we investigated whether the concentration of malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid oxidation correlated to the degree of aortic plaque lesions in a proatherogenic diabetic mouse model. Three groups of apolipoprotein E knockout mice were studied for 20 weeks, a control, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic, and a diabetic enalapril-treated group. Enalapril was hypothesized to lower oxidative stress level and thus the plaque burden. Both diabetic groups were significantly different from the control group as they had higher blood glucose, HbA 1c , total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, together with a lower high-density lipoprotein concentration and body weight. Animals in the diabetic group had significantly higher plaque area and plasma malondialdehyde than controls. The two diabetic groups did not differ significantly in any measured characteristic. In summary, there was a positive correlation between plasma malondialdehyde concentration and aorta plaque area in apolipoprotein E knockout. Even though further investigation of the role of lipid oxidation in the development of atherosclerosis is warranted, these results suggest that biomarkers of lipid oxidation may be of value in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk.

Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) butan-2-one) protects against alloxan-induced diabetes via alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation: Probable role of NF-kB activation

“…The hypoglycemic effect of zingerone may be attributed to the regeneration of endocrine pancreatic cellular architecture leading to normal β-cells activity and subsequent release of insulin which inturn might be due to strong antioxidant properties of zingerone (Rao and Rao, 2010). Also increased ROS production leads to derailment of the antioxidant potential inside the cell leading to lipid peroxidation (Petersen et al, 2017). Generation of free radicles due to hyperglycemia weakens the antioxidant defense mechanisms which in-turn cause damage to cellular enzymes and organelles.…”

Metabolism of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular diseases

“…Enhanced oxidation of fatty acid is involved in hyperglycemia and results in enhanced ROS generation and VSMC proliferation. In addition, in both diabetic patients and diabetic mice, the plasma concentration of lipid protein and malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid oxidation, is increased (192,217).…”

Effect of Caesalpinia bonduc Polyphenol Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats in Attenuating Hyperglycemia by Upregulating Insulin Secretion and Inhibiting JNK Signaling Pathway

“…According to results, alloxan significantly (P ≤ 0:05) raised intracellular ROS level in hyperglycemic rats. In diabetes, upraised levels of ROS may cause glucose autooxidation, inflammation, and glycosylation of protein resulting in oxidative stress [59]. The oxidative stress induces downregulation of different genes involved in insulin secretion from the pancreas leading to hyperglycemia.…”