Brief, pre-learning stress reduces false memory production and enhances true memory selectively in females

Zoladz, Phillip R.; Peters, David M.; Kalchik, Andrea E.; Hoffman, Mackenzie M.; Aufdenkampe, Rachael L.; Woelke, Sarah; Wolters, Nicholas E.; Talbot, Jeffery N.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.028

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, Smeets et al (2006) found that false memory was unaffected by stress, while true recall memory was impaired. More recently, Beato et al (2013) found no effect of stress on either true or false memory, while Zoladz et al (2014) found that stress reduced immediate false memory, while increasing true memory in females, but not males. Due to differences in the timing and mode of memory testing, it is difficult to directly compare the results of these studies.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Research on stress and memory has grown considerably over the past several decades (Het et al 2005;Diamond et al 2007;de Quervain et al 2009;Roozendaal et al 2009;Wolf 2009;Schwabe et al 2011), but only a handful of studies have investigated the influence of stress on false memory formation (e.g., Payne et al 2002;Smeets et al 2006Smeets et al , 2008Beato et al 2013;Zoladz et al 2014). Most have used the Deese-Roediger-McDermott, or "DRM," false memory paradigm (Deese 1959;Roediger and McDermott 1995), in which participants study lists of semantically related words (e.g., nurse, hospital, medicine) and later falsely remember unstudied "critical words" (e.g., doctor) that represent the theme, or gist, of the list.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Due to differences in the timing and mode of memory testing, it is difficult to directly compare the results of these studies. For example, while Payne et al (2002) used four-item recognition tests after each wordlist, Smeets et al (2006) used free recall tests after each list followed by a final recognition test, Beato et al (2013) used a single recognition list after all wordlists, and Zoladz et al (2014) used free recall and recognition tests after each wordlist. Even more problematic, however, is the fact that these studies administered stress prior to encoding and tested memory in a relatively brief experimental session, which allowed stress hormones to remain elevated throughout all phases of memory formation (encoding, early consolidation, and retrieval).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of post-encoding stress on performance in the DRM false memory paradigm

et al. 2015

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Numerous studies have investigated how stress impacts veridical memory, but how stress influences false memory formation remains poorly understood. In order to target memory consolidation specifically, a psychosocial stress (TSST) or control manipulation was administered following encoding of 15 neutral, semantically related word lists (DRM false memory task) and memory was tested 24 h later. Stress decreased recognition of studied words, while increasing false recognition of semantically related lure words. Moreover, while control subjects remembered true and false words equivalently, stressed subjects remembered more false than true words. These results suggest that stress supports gist memory formation in the DRM task, perhaps by hindering detail-specific processing in the hippocampus.

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of post-encoding stress on performance in the DRM false memory paradigm

et al. 2015

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“…Our laboratory (e.g., Zoladz et al, 2011a; Zoladz et al, 2014a; Zoladz et al, 2014b; Zoladz, Peters, Kalchik, Hoffman, Aufdenkampe, Woelke, Wolters, and Talbot, 2014c; Zoladz et al, 2013), as well as that of others (e.g., Diamond et al, 2007; Joels et al, 2011; Schwabe et al, 2012), has speculated that, under normal circumstances, stress that is temporally separated from learning results in long-term memory impairment. Interestingly, we did not observe such an effect in females previously (Zoladz et al, 2013), and in the present study, females with the ADRA2B deletion variant exhibited superior memory following stress.…”

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confidence: 97%

ADRA2B deletion variant influences time-dependent effects of pre-learning stress on long-term memory

Zoladz

Dailey

Nagle

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Extensive work over the past few decades has shown that certain genetic variations interact with life events to confer increased susceptibility for the development of psychological disorders. The deletion variant of the ADRA2B gene, which has been associated with enhanced emotional memory and heightened amygdala responses to emotional stimuli, might confer increased susceptibility for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related phenotypes by increasing the likelihood of traumatic memory formation. Thus, we examined whether this genetic variant would predict stress effects on learning and memory in a non-clinical sample. Two hundred and thirty-five individuals were exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test or a control condition immediately or 30 min prior to learning a list of words that varied in emotional valence and arousal level. Participants’ memory for the words was tested immediately (recall) and 24 h after learning (recall and recognition), and saliva samples were collected to genotype participants for the ADRA2B deletion variant. Results showed that stress administered immediately before learning selectively enhanced long-term recall in deletion carriers. Stress administered 30 min before learning impaired recognition memory in male deletion carriers, while enhancing recognition memory in female deletion carriers. These findings provide additional evidence to support the idea that ADRA2B deletion variant carriers retain a sensitized stress response system, which results in amplified effects of stress on learning and memory. The accumulating evidence regarding this genetic variant implicates it as a susceptibility factor for traumatic memory formation and PTSD-related phenotypes.

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“…Zoladz et al (2014) showed that a pre-encoding stressor that triggers cortisol release influences DRM performance differently in men and women. Both showed fewer false memories in the stress condition, and women recalled more true memories in the stress condition as well.…”

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Decreased susceptibility to false memories from misinformation in hormonal contraception users

Petersen

Patihis

Nielsen

2014

Memory

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Sex hormones are increasingly implicated in memory formation. Recent literature has documented a relationship between hormones and emotional memory and sex differences, which are likely related to hormones, have long been demonstrated in a variety of mnemonic domains, including false memories. Hormonal contraception (HC), which alters sex hormones, has been associated with a bias towards gist memory and away from detailed memory in women who use it during an emotional memory task. Here, we investigated whether HC was associated with changes in susceptibility to false memories, which may be related to the formation of gist memories. We tested false memory susceptibility using two well-validated false memory paradigms: the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task, and a story-based misinformation task. We found that hormonal contraceptive users were less susceptible to false memories compared to non-users in the misinformation task, and no differences were seen between groups on the DRM task. We hypothesise that the differences in false memories from the misinformation task may be related to hormonal contraceptive users' memory bias away from details, towards gist memory.

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Brief, pre-learning stress reduces false memory production and enhances true memory selectively in females

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of post-encoding stress on performance in the DRM false memory paradigm

Effects of post-encoding stress on performance in the DRM false memory paradigm

ADRA2B deletion variant influences time-dependent effects of pre-learning stress on long-term memory

Decreased susceptibility to false memories from misinformation in hormonal contraception users

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