Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) share many morphologic and immunophenotypic features. In addition to histomorphologic examination, it is customary to use the absence of CD23 to differentiate MCL from CLL/SLL, based primarily on reported comparisons of immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. These findings are widely extrapolated to flow cytometric analysis, although available data are contradictory and not sufficiently detailed. We compared expression of CD23 by flow cytometry in 22 cases of MCL and 25 cases of CLL/SLL. Lymphoma cells in 12 of 22 MCLs were negative for CD23, and 10 showed dim expression. In contrast, none of 25 CLL/SLLs were negative for CD23, 4 were dimly positive, and 21 were moderately or brightly positive. Thus, a significant proportion of MCL exhibited overlap of CD23 expression in the low-intensity range with CLL/SLL. Clinically, there was no correlation between the intensity of CD23 expression and clinical stage at diagnosis or survival. These findings emphasize that by flow cytometry, MCL can be differentiated reliably from CLL/SLL using CD23 if negative expression is observed. However, with dimly positive expression, interpretation should be cautious.

Using density matrix renormalization group calculations, ground state properties of the spin-1 Heisenberg chain with exchange and single-ion anisotropies in an external field are studied. Our findings confirm and refine recent results by Sengupta and Batista, Physical Review Letters 99, 217205 (2007), on the same model applying Monte Carlo techniques. In particular, we present evidence for two types of biconical (or supersolid) and for two types of spin-flop (or superfluid) structures. Basic features of the quantum phase diagram may be interpreted qualitatively in the framework of classical spin models. phase, in which both order parameters of the bordering antiferromagnetic and spin-flop phases do not vanish. Indeed, already some decades ago, in 1956, Matsubara and Matsuda 5 pointed out the correspondence between quantum lattices and anisotropic Heisenberg models, when expressing Bose operators by spin operators. Using mean-field theory for calculating ground-state and thermal properties, supersolid or biconical structures have been observed in the uniaxially anisotropic XXZ Heisenberg antiferromagnets with additional single-site terms due to crystal-field anisotropies or with morethan-nearest neighbor interactions 6,7 (note that the mean-field approximation of the quantum models corresponds to that of classical models). Such phases may give rise to interesting multicritical behavior, especially, to tetracritical points 8,9 .In the last few years, biconical structures and phases in classical XXZ Heisenberg antiferromagnets with and without single-ion anisotropies in two as well as three dimensions have been studied using ground state considerations and Monte Carlo techniques 10,11,12 .Experimental evidence for biconical phases has been accumulated over the years 13,14,15,16,17 .The current search for biconical phases in quantum magnets 1,2,3 seems to be partly motivated by the fact that they are analogues to the supersolid phases 18,19,20 . Of course, it is also of much interest to study the impact of quantum fluctuations on the phases known to occur in classical anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets in a magnetic field. In the following Note we shall address both aspects.Specifically, we shall analyze ground state properties, T = 0, of the spin-1 XXZ Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with a single-ion anisotropy in a field B. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, namely stochastic series expansions, for chains with periodic boundary conditions, Sengupta and Batista showed that its quantum phase diagram at zero temperature displays a fieldinduced supersolid phase 1 . The model is described by the Hamiltonianwhere i denotes the lattice sites. For ∆ > 1 and D > 0, the exchange and single-ion terms describe competing, uniaxial (along the direction of the field B, B > 0, the z-direction) and planar anisotropies. Following the previous analysis 1 , we shall deal with the case D = ∆/2, restricting the analysis to the (∆, B/J)-plane.To study the model, we here apply density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) tec...

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Our findings are similar to those seen in human renal chronic allograft nephropathy, but in contrast, our model excludes all the nonimmune factors associated with chronic allograft nephropathy, including donor disease, injury from prolonged preservation, drug toxicity, and underlying recipient disease. Immunotoxin-treated rhesus monkeys emerge as an outstanding animal model for assisting us in understanding the pathophysiology of CR.

The voltage-gated potassium channel encoded by hERG carries a delayed rectifying potassium current (IKr) underlying repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Pharmacological blockade of the hERG channel results in slowed repolarization and therefore prolongation of action potential duration and an increase in the QT interval as measured on an electrocardiogram. Those are possible to cause sudden death, leading to the withdrawals of many drugs, which is the reason for hERG screening. Computational in silico prediction models provide a rapid, economic way to screen compounds during early drug discovery. In this review, hERG prediction models are classified as 2D and 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship models, pharmacophore models, classification models, and structure based models (using homology models of hERG).