Brief presentation enhances various simultaneous contrast effects

Kaneko, Sae; Anstis, Stuart; Kuriki, Ichiro

doi:10.1167/16.12.244

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…4-6). Therefore, the known reduction in bias for longer presentation durations 5,6,18 can be attributed to changes in decision-related mechanisms that are measured here using RT-based analysis. Findings were replicated using a larger sample size through the Amazon Mechanical Turk (N > 50 per experiment, see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Most importantly, the finding of reduced bias with longer decision times may appear to perfectly conform with a dualtheory account of a transition between separate systems 7,28,29 : from a fast system that is bias-prone, to a slow system that is bias-free. Similarly, the known reduction in context-dependent bias with the duration of testing stimulus presentations is currently explained by assuming dual processing (in low vs. high systems) 5,6,18 . However, we have found that using models based on the decision principles described above offers a full mechanistic explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In visual perception, contextual effects, and prior experience lead to systematic biases in the judgment of objects' properties such as orientation, size, and color [1][2][3][4] . Experiments show these biases to be reduced with longer exposure duration 5,6 , intuitively explained by a hierarchy of processing levels, with the slower processes, computationally more powerful, providing a more veridical perception [5][6][7] . Here, we consider an alternative, single process, account.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perceptual bias is reduced with longer reaction times during visual discrimination

Dekel

Sagi

2020

Commun Biol

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Fast and slow decisions exhibit distinct behavioral properties, such as the presence of decision bias in faster but not slower responses. This dichotomy is currently explained by assuming that distinct cognitive processes map to separate brain mechanisms. Here, we suggest an alternative single-process account based on the stochastic properties of decision processes. Our experimental results show perceptual biases in a variety of tasks (specifically: learned priors, tilt aftereffect, and tilt illusion) that are much reduced with increasing reaction time. To account for this, we consider a simple yet general explanation: prior and noisy decision-related evidence are integrated serially, with evidence and noise accumulating over time (as in the standard drift diffusion model). With time, owing to noise accumulation, the prior effect is predicted to diminish. This illustrates that a clear behavioral separationpresence vs. absence of bias-may reflect a simple stochastic mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptual bias is reduced with longer reaction times during visual discrimination

Dekel

Sagi

2020

Commun Biol

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“…Most importantly, the finding of reduced bias with longer decision times may appear to perfectly conform with a dual-theory account of a transition between separate systems (Evans & Stanovich, 2013;Kahneman, 2011;Tversky & Kahneman, 1974): from a fast system that is biasprone, to a slow system that is bias-free. Similarly, the known reduction in context-dependent bias with the duration of testing stimulus presentations can currently be explained by assuming dual processing (in low vs. high systems) (Kaneko et al, 2017;Wolfe, 1984). However, we have found that using models based on the decision principles described above offers a full mechanistic explanation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…5 First, we measured the influence of oriented context on a subsequently perceived orientation (tilt aftereffect, TAE). To verify that the decision time is not confounded with the presentation duration of the test (Kaneko, Anstis, & Kuriki, 2017;Wolfe, 1984), we used briefly presented stimuli (50 ms "non-retinotopic" in the sense that the adaptor and the test were presented at different retinal positions). Note that unlike the known reduction in the aftereffect magnitude with increased time difference between the adapting context and the test (Magnussen & Johnsen, 1986), here the involvement of decision mechanisms was measured using a fixed target-to-adapter time by analyzing the TAE at different reaction times.…”

Section: Context-dependent Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing, fast and slow: the effects of processing time on perceptual bias

Dekel

Sagi

2019

Preprint

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Fast and slow decisions exhibit distinct behavioral properties, such as the presence of decision bias in faster but not slower responses. This dichotomy is currently explained by assuming that distinct cognitive processes map to separate brain mechanisms. Here, we suggest an alternative, single-process account based on the stochastic properties of decision processes. Our experimental results show perceptual biases in a variety of tasks (specifically: learned priors, tilt illusion, and tilt aftereffect) that were much reduced with increasing reaction time. To account for this, we consider a simple yet general explanation: prior and noisy decision-related evidence are integrated serially, with evidence and noise accumulating over time (as in the standard drift diffusion model). With time, owing to noise accumulation, the prior effect is predicted to diminish. This illustrates that a clear behavioral separationpresence vs. absence of biasmay reflect a simple stochastic mechanism.Highlights  Perceptual and decisional biases are reduced in slower decisions. Simple mechanistic single-process account for slow bias-free decisions. Signal detection theory criterion is ~zero in decision times>median.

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Individual Variability in Simultaneous Contrast for Color and Brightness: Small Sample Factor Analyses Reveal Separate Induction Processes for Short and Long Flashes

et al. 2018

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In classic simultaneous color contrast and simultaneous brightness contrast, the color or brightness of a stimulus appears to shift toward the complementary (opposite) color or brightness of its surrounding region. Kaneko and colleagues proposed that simultaneous contrast involves separate “fast” and “slow” mechanisms, with stronger induction effects for fast than slow. Support for the model came from a diverse series of experiments showing that induction by surrounds varying in luminance or color was stronger for brief than long presentation times (10–40 vs. 80–640 ms). Here, to further examine possible underlying processes, we reanalyzed 12 separate small data sets from these studies using correlational and factor analytic techniques. For each analysis, a principal component analysis of induction strength revealed two factors, with one Varimax-rotated factor accounting for brief and one for long durations. In simultaneous brightness experiments, separate factor pairs were obtained for luminance increments and decrements. Despite being based on small sample sizes, the two-factor consistency among 12 analyses would not be expected by chance. The results are consistent with separate fast and slow processes mediating simultaneous contrast for brief and long flashes.

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Brief presentation enhances various simultaneous contrast effects

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Perceptual bias is reduced with longer reaction times during visual discrimination

Perceptual bias is reduced with longer reaction times during visual discrimination

Seeing, fast and slow: the effects of processing time on perceptual bias

Individual Variability in Simultaneous Contrast for Color and Brightness: Small Sample Factor Analyses Reveal Separate Induction Processes for Short and Long Flashes

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