Brief report prevalence of Echinococcus species in wild foxes in parts of Qinghai Province, China

Zhang, Xueyong; Fu, Yong; Ma, Yijuan; Guo, Zhihong; Shen, Xizhong; Li, Zhi; Jiunai, Gengqiu; Wang, Xiaohong; Maji, Wan; Ding, Hong

doi:10.1007/s11259-022-10012-x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Two helminth species, D. caninum and T. canis were parasitized as monoinvasion. Polyinvasion was recorded as a combination of T. canis with M. moniliformis and A. multilocularis with D. caninum [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootiology and biological characteristics of echinococcosis in agricultural animals, dogs, wild carnivores, and rodents in the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Ilana,

Upievich,

Kenesovich

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Echinococcosis is one of the most dangerous parasitic diseases common to humans and animals. In Kazakhstan, echinococcosis is widespread in animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and biological characteristics of echinococcosis in agricultural animals, dogs, wild carnivores, and rodents in the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed slaughtered carcasses of cattle (2500), sheep (4200), pigs (250), horses (91), and camels (45). Furthermore, the study analyzed 144 dogs (herding, rural, and urban), 41 wild carnivores (wolves, red foxes, and corsac foxes), and 339 wild rodents (great gerbils, tamarisk jirds, little ground squirrels, yellow ground squirrels, and muskrats). Postmortem and vital examination methods were used in the helminthological studies of dogs, wild carnivores, and rodents. In agricultural animals, localization and intensity were determined by counting echinococcal cysts in parenchymatous organs. Results: Extensiveness of invasion (EI) averaged 19.2% in cattle, 27.5% in sheep, 5.6% in pigs, and 13.3% in camels. Echinococcal cysts mainly affected the liver in sheep (45.4%) and the lungs in cattle (35.5%). The fertility of echinococcal cysts decreased with age in animals. Acephalocysts were registered mainly in cattle. The highest invasiveness of Echinococcus granulosus was found in herding dogs with an EI of 12.5%. Experimental infestations of dogs showed that maturation of echinococcal eggs occurred by days 36–40 and maturation of segments by day 50. Studies of wild carnivores and rodents showed the presence of E. granulosus (imago stage) in wolves, Alveococcus multilocularis (imago stage) in red foxes and corsac foxes, and A. multilocularis (larval stage) in great gerbils and muskrats. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence of high epizootiological danger for the population and significant damage caused by E. granulosus to animal husbandry in the region. Studies on the spread of echinococcosis suggest the possibility of controlling the situation with human and animal diseases and show the importance of this issue. Keywords: agricultural animals, dogs, Echinococcus, Kazakhstan, rodents, wild carnivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootiology and biological characteristics of echinococcosis in agricultural animals, dogs, wild carnivores, and rodents in the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Ilana,

Upievich,

Kenesovich

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Human and camel cystic echinococcosis – a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for its serodiagnosis with molecular identification

Maher,

Toaleb,

Shaapan

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an emergent neglected disease affecting human and animals in Egypt with a wide distribution and incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antigen in human and camel sera. Hydatid cyst protoscoleces antigen (PsAg) was isolated from hydatid cysts collected from naturally infected camel livers and lungs. PsAg was used for immunization of rabbits to raise IgG polyclonal antibodies (IgG PsAb). IgG PsAb were then precipitated, purified using Protein-A Sepharose gel and labeled with horseradish peroxidase enzyme. We assayed the purity of the IgG PsAb, and the two prepared E. granulosus antigens CPsAg from camel cysts and HPsAg from human cysts by Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The resulted protein bands of the prepared CPsAg appeared at different molecular weights: 180, 90, 68, 54, 42 and 22 kDa while, HPsAg shared with it in 4 common bands at 68, 54, 42, and 22 kDa. The purified IgG PsAb had been resolved at two bands at 52 kDa and at 32 kDa. Sandwich ELISA were performed for the detection of circulating E. granulosus antigens in sera of human (n = 183) and camels (n = 190). The purified IgG PsAb showed strong reactivity against E. granulosus infected human and camel samples and no cross reactivity neither with free-healthy negative sera nor with others parasitic diseases (Schistosomiasis, Fascioliasis, Toxoplasmosis, Ancylostomiasis for human samples and Fascioliasis, ticks’ infestation, Eimeriosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Nasal myiasis, Toxoplasmosis for camel samples). The sensitivity of the assay was 98.25% (56/57) and 96.9% (31/32) against human and camel samples, respectively. Specificity was 100% in both human and camel samples. Sandwich ELISA detected CE in 33.3% (24/72) and 55.6% (50/90) random human and camel samples, respectively. Indirect ELISA, using CPsAg, was used for detection of antibodies in positive human and camels’ sera and detected 96.5% (55/57) and 93.8% (30/32) of human and camel samples, respectively. In our study, Genomic DNA was extracted from protoscoleces fluid of human liver hydatid cysts to identify the Echinococcus sp. isolate based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the isolate (GenBank: OP785689.1) were identified as E. granulosus sensu lato genotype. In conclusion, Sandwich ELISA technique was found to be a potent and sensitive assay for detection of hydatid antigen in both human and camel samples.

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Multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-based prevalence study of canine trapped neutrophil syndrome in Thailand

Lerdkrai,

Phungphosop

2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Trapped neutrophil syndrome (TNS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder found in Border Collies and is characterized by peripheral neutropenia and myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow. The underlying cause of TNS is associated with a 4-base pair deletion mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B) gene. In this study, we proposed and validated a novel multiplex allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) technique to assess the prevalence of TNS using VPS13B genotypes of Border Collies and Thai Ridgebacks in Thailand. Materials and Methods: We assessed the prevalence of TNS in 100 Border Collies and 30 Thai Ridgebacks using MAS-PCR-based allelic discrimination technique of the VPS13B gene. We then confirmed the VPS13B genotypes by direct DNA sequencing. Results: A total of 130 samples were successfully genotyped using MAS-PCR assays. Of the two dog breeds examined, the VPS13B mutation was present in Border Collies, whereas Thai Ridgebacks were unaffected by this mutation. In Border Collies, 96% of dogs tested had an intact VPS13B genotype, whereas the remaining individuals had a heterozygous mutation genotype, with prevalence and mutated VPS13B allele frequencies of 4% and 2%, respectively. Conclusion: Using a novel MAS-PCR assay targeting the VPS13B gene, this study demonstrates for the first time that carriers of TNS exist in Border Collies in Thailand. This assay is a reliable and cost-effective tool for diagnosing TNS based on VPS13B genotypes and is suitable for routine clinical practice. Keywords: Border Collie, multiplex allele specific-polymerase chain reaction assay, Thai Ridgeback, trapped neutrophil syndrome, vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B genotype.

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Brief report prevalence of Echinococcus species in wild foxes in parts of Qinghai Province, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Epizootiology and biological characteristics of echinococcosis in agricultural animals, dogs, wild carnivores, and rodents in the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Epizootiology and biological characteristics of echinococcosis in agricultural animals, dogs, wild carnivores, and rodents in the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Human and camel cystic echinococcosis – a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for its serodiagnosis with molecular identification

Multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-based prevalence study of canine trapped neutrophil syndrome in Thailand

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