The preparation and application of
hydrophobic carbon dots (HCDs)
are now the hotspots in the field of nanomaterials. This paper reports
the fast synthesis of long-wavelength-emitting HCDs (yellow-emitting,
λ
em
= 541 nm) through a solid-phase route, with
l
-cysteine hydrochloride anhydrous and citric acid as carbon
sources and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a dehydrating agent, reacting
at 180 °C for 40 min, with a quantum yield of 30%. The solid-phase
route avoids the usage of organic reagents during the synthesis process
and is thus environmentally friendly. The obtained HCDs can be simply
separated into HCDs-L (less density) and HCDs-W (higher density) with
differences in physical (polarity, density), optical, and chemical
properties. The differences in HCDs-L, HCDs-W, and water-soluble CDs
(WCDs) were compared through various characterization methods, and
the synthesis and luminescence mechanisms of HCDs were investigated.
Meanwhile, HCDs were employed in the fields of LED lamp production
and solid fluorescent shaping material. The prepared HCDs were then
modified into WCDs through the liposomal embedding method. The HCDs
prepared by the new solid-phase route exhibit stable and highly efficient
photoluminescence ability and will have a promising outlook in their
applications in various fields.