Bright light blocks the capacity of inescapable swim stress to supersensitize a central muscarinic mechanism

Flemmer, Duane D.; Dilsaver, Steven C.; Peck, Jason A.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(90)90076-t

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidus) there was a decrease (−14%) in binding to MR after 60 min that recovered at 24 h. In the cerebellum, an increase in MR binding occurred at 60 min (+41%) which was reversed at 24 h. In all cases, there were no changes in affinity. Flemmer, Dilsaver & Peck (1990) have investigated the impact of chronic inescapable (forced) swim stress on behavioural and biochemical characteristics. Stress depletes brain biogenic amines and produces supersensitivity to the hypothermic effect of the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine.…”

Section: Stressors Affecting Multiple Systems and Their Impact On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of stress on muscarinic receptors. Heterologous receptor regulation: yes or no?

Mysliveček

Květňanský

2006

Auton Autocoid Pharmacol

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1 Stress is usually comprehended as an event affecting mainly the catecholaminergic system, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the receptor systems connected to these neurotransmitters/hormones. Other neurotransmitter/hormone systems can be affected too. Here we review the available data on the effects of different stressful stimuli (physical, chemical, psychological/social, cardiovascular, affecting multiple system) on muscarinic receptors (MR). 2 The data suppose the existence of specific mechanisms that regulate the signalization through MR during different type of stress. 3 Physical stressors (cold vs. heat) reveal opposite type of changes on peripheral-tissue MRs. Chemical stressors (oxidative stress) are tightly connected with MR and it is especially interesting that the sensitivity of MR to oxidative stress is subtype-specific. It is also suggested that heterologous regulation can occur with psychological/social stressors on the organism. Cardiovascular system-disturbing stressors cause imbalance between autonomic receptors or down-regulate MR in the peripheral tissue. Immobilization caused opposite effects on MR in the central nervous system and periphery, where the changes are supposed to be due to heterologous regulation between receptor systems. 4 In conclusion, some data indicate that in specific conditions MR are regulated as a consequence of other changes rather than as a primary effect of stress. On the contrary, in some situations, MR are the first targets to respond to the stress. 5 These findings on stress-induced activity of the cholinergic system and changes in muscarinic receptors support the view that stress is a specific response of the organism.

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Section: Stressors Affecting Multiple Systems and Their Impact On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of stress on muscarinic receptors. Heterologous receptor regulation: yes or no?

Mysliveček

Květňanský

2006

Auton Autocoid Pharmacol

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“…The behavioral and biochemical characteristics of animals in a state of learned helplessness produced by a period of inescapable swimming during the FST have led some investigators to believe this condition itself provides a useful animal model of depression [13,14]. Forced swim provokes neurochemical and endocrine alterations [15,16] and is used as a stressor by itself [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim test

Bogdanova

Kanekar

D’Anci

et al. 2013

Physiology & Behavior

361

216

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The forced swim test (FST) is a behavioral test in rodents which was developed in 1978 by Porsolt and colleagues as a model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressant drugs. A modified version of the FST added the classification of active behaviors into swimming and climbing, in order to facilitate the differentiation between serotonergic and noradrenergic classes of antidepressant drugs. The FST is now widely used in basic research and the pharmaceutical screening of potential antidepressant treatments. It is also one of the most commonly used tests to assess depressive-like behavior in animal models. Despite the simplicity and sensitivity of the FST procedure, important differences even in baseline immobility rates have been reported between different groups, which complicate the comparison of results across studies. In spite of several methodological papers and reviews published on the FST, the need still exists for clarification of factors which can influence the procedure. While most recent reviews have focused on antidepressant effects observed with the FST, this one considers the methodological aspects of the procedure, aiming to summarize issues beyond antidepressant action in the FST. The previously published literature is analyzed for factors which are known to influence animal behavior in the FST. These include biological factors, such as strain, age, body weight, gender and individual differences between animals; influence of preconditioning before the FST: handling, social isolation or enriched environment, food manipulations, various kinds of stress, endocrine manipulations and surgery; schedule and routes of treatment, dosage and type of the drugs as well as experimental design and laboratory environmental effects. Consideration of these factors in planning experiments may result in more consistent FST results.

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Arecoline-associated changes in open-field behavior following swim stress in the rat. A possible relationship to water temperature

Jaeckle

Dilsaver

Hoh

et al. 1991

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Bright light blocks the capacity of inescapable swim stress to supersensitize a central muscarinic mechanism

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

The effects of stress on muscarinic receptors. Heterologous receptor regulation: yes or no?

The effects of stress on muscarinic receptors. Heterologous receptor regulation: yes or no?

Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim test

Arecoline-associated changes in open-field behavior following swim stress in the rat. A possible relationship to water temperature

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