Brightness induction and suprathreshold vision: Effects of age and visual field

McCourt, Mark E.; Leone, Lynnette; Blakeslee, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.028

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the lower visual field (intrapersonal space) becomes increasingly important for older adults when interacting with the environment (Desrocher and Smith 2005). However, greater age differences have been shown in contrast sensitivity and brightness perception in the lower visual field (McCourt et al 2015), which could lead to more agerelated declines in visual processing in the lower visual field. Less decline in spatial selective attention in the lower visual field may mitigate the effects from these age-related perceptual changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential age-related changes in localizing a target among distractors across an extended visual field

et al. 2016

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Age differences in the spatial distribution of attention over a wide field of view have only been described in terms of the spatial extent, leaving the topographical aspect unexplored. This study examined age differences between younger and older adults in good general health in an important topographical characteristic, the asymmetry between the upper and lower visual fields. In Experiment 1, we found age differences across the entire attentional visual field. In addition, age differences were greater in the upper compared to the lower field. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the finding of a greater age difference in the ability to localize a target among distractors in the upper visual field in Experiment 1 was a result of possible differential age differences between the upper and lower visual fields in the ability to localize a target even when there was no distractor competing for attention. Our results suggested that the age differences we observed were linked to age differences in the ability to filter out distractors that compete with the target for attention rather than the ability to process only the target over a wide field of view. While younger adults demonstrated an upper visual field advantage in the ability to localize a target among distractors, there was no such field advantage in older adults. We discuss this finding of diminished upper visual field advantage in older adults in light of an account of pervasive loss of neural specialization with age. We postulate that one possible explanation of age differences in the asymmetry between the upper and lower visual fields may be an adaptation to age-related physical decline. We also discuss important implications of our findings in risks of falls and vehicle crashes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential age-related changes in localizing a target among distractors across an extended visual field

et al. 2016

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“…These studies demonstrate that it is unwise to assume that age‐related perceptual alterations measured in the fovea will manifest in the same way throughout the visual field. There is also the possibility for visual field asymmetry in the magnitude of age‐related alterations, with one study reporting greater differences in perceived contrast between older and younger adults in the lower hemifield when compared to the upper visual field . Whether this finding generalises to other phenomena is untested and the mechanism unclear.…”

Section: The Ageing Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normalised contrast discrimination functions have the same shape across ages between 20 and 70 years. 64 The ability to make suprathreshold contrast matching judgments does not alter with age 65 nor does the magnitude of suprathreshold grating (brightness) induction. 65 Older adults do however show some shallowing of contrast gain function slope for perceptual tasks that putatively measure function of the magnocellular and parvocellular neural pathways respectively, with greater effects manifesting within the parvo system.…”

Section: Clinical Assessments Of Spatial Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…64 The ability to make suprathreshold contrast matching judgments does not alter with age 65 nor does the magnitude of suprathreshold grating (brightness) induction. 65 Older adults do however show some shallowing of contrast gain function slope for perceptual tasks that putatively measure function of the magnocellular and parvocellular neural pathways respectively, with greater effects manifesting within the parvo system. 66 The perception of orientation Inspired by the neurophysiological reports of reduced orientation selectivity in the responses of single visual cortical cells in aged non-human primate, 49,50 several studies have investigated whether the perceptual ability to encode orientation cues is altered in older adults.…”

Section: Clinical Assessments Of Spatial Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial vision in older adults: perceptual changes and neural bases

McKendrick

Chan

Nguyen

2018

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Healthy normal ageing impacts significantly on spatial visual information processing from the retina through to visual cortex. Some human data validates that obtained from studies of animal physiology, however some findings indicate that rethinking of presumed neural substrates is required. Notably, not all spatial visual processes are altered by age. Healthy normal ageing impacts significantly on some spatial visual processes (in particular centre-surround tasks), but leaves contrast discrimination, contrast adaptation, and orientation discrimination relatively intact. The study of older adult vision contributes to knowledge of the brain mechanisms altered by the ageing process, can provide practical information regarding visual environments that older adults may find challenging, and may lead to new methods of assessing visual performance in clinical environments.

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“…The field of optometry has spent considerable effort examining how individuals differ in the processing of high spatial frequency content, because deficits in the high-frequency region of the spatial spectrum can prevent people from reading, driving, and a host of other social activities. Individual differences in gain control at the other end of the spatial scale must exist but are less documented because they do not cause the same level of social deficit as high spatial frequency deficits (see McCourt, Leone, & Blakeslee, 2015, for a recent investigation into the substantial individual differences in low spatial frequency sensitivity). We therefore looked for differences between observers' perception of the color of the original dress image and measurements of contrast sensitivity.…”

Section: Experiments 4: Contrast Sensitivity and The Dressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial filtering, color constancy, and the color-changing dress

Dixon

Shapiro

2017

Journal of Vision

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The color-changing dress is a 2015 Internet phenomenon in which the colors in a picture of a dress are reported as blue-black by some observers and white-gold by others. The standard explanation is that observers make different inferences about the lighting (is the dress in shadow or bright yellow light?); based on these inferences, observers make a best guess about the reflectance of the dress. The assumption underlying this explanation is that reflectance is the key to color constancy because reflectance alone remains invariant under changes in lighting conditions. Here, we demonstrate an alternative type of invariance across illumination conditions: An object that appears to vary in color under blue, white, or yellow illumination does not change color in the high spatial frequency region. A first approximation to color constancy can therefore be accomplished by a high-pass filter that retains enough low spatial frequency content so as to not to completely desaturate the object. We demonstrate the implications of this idea on the Rubik's cube illusion; on a shirt placed under white, yellow, and blue illuminants; and on spatially filtered images of the dress. We hypothesize that observer perceptions of the dress's color vary because of individual differences in how the visual system extracts high and low spatial frequency color content from the environment, and we demonstrate cross-group differences in average sensitivity to low spatial frequency patterns.

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Brightness induction and suprathreshold vision: Effects of age and visual field

Cited by 4 publications

References 140 publications

Differential age-related changes in localizing a target among distractors across an extended visual field

Differential age-related changes in localizing a target among distractors across an extended visual field

Spatial vision in older adults: perceptual changes and neural bases

Spatial filtering, color constancy, and the color-changing dress

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